Full text of this article is only available in PDF format.

Heikki Hänninen (email), Koen Kramer

A framework for modelling the annual cycle of trees in boreal and temperate regions

Hänninen H., Kramer K. (2007). A framework for modelling the annual cycle of trees in boreal and temperate regions. Silva Fennica vol. 41 no. 1 article id 313. https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.313

Abstract

Models of the annual development cycle of trees in boreal and temperate regions were reviewed and classified on the basis of their ecophysiological assumptions. In our classification we discern two main categories of tree development: 1) fixed sequence development, which refers to irreversible ontogenetic development leading to visible phenological events such as bud burst or flowering, and 2) fluctuating development, which refers to reversible physiological phenomena such as the dynamics of frost hardiness during winter. As many of the physiological phenomena are partially reversible, we also describe integrated models, which include aspects of both fixed-sequence and fluctuating development. In our classification we further discern simple E-models, where the environmental response stays constant, and more comprehensive ES-models, where the environmental response changes according to the state of development. On the basis of this model classification, we have developed an operational modelling framework, in which we define an explicit state variable and a corresponding rate variable for each attribute of the annual cycle considered. We introduce a unifying notation, which we also use when presenting a selection of previously published models. To illustrate the various developmental phenomena and their modelling, we have carried out model simulations. Finally, we discuss the ecophysiological interpretation of the model variables, methodological aspects of the empirical development and testing of the models, the introduction of new aspects to the modelling, other closely related models, and applications of the models.

Keywords
frost hardiness; climatic adaptation; bud burst; climatic change; dormancy; phenology; photosynthetic capacity

Author Info
  • Hänninen, Plant Ecophysiology and Climate Change Group (PECC), Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Box 65, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland E-mail heikki.hanninen@helsinki.fi (email)
  • Kramer, Alterra, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands E-mail kk@nn.nl

Received 13 June 2006 Accepted 29 January 2007 Published 31 December 2007

Views 2379

Available at https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.313 | Download PDF

Creative Commons License CC BY-SA 4.0

Register
Click this link to register to Silva Fennica.
Log in
If you are a registered user, log in to save your selected articles for later access.
Contents alert
Sign up to receive alerts of new content

Your selected articles
Your search results
Hänninen H., (1986) Conceptual remarks about the study of the annual.. Silva Fennica vol. 20 no. 1 article id 5257
Hänninen H., (1990) Modelling bud dormancy release in trees from coo.. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 0 no. 213 article id 7660
Leinonen I., Hänninen H. (2002) Adaptation of the timing of bud burst of Norway .. Silva Fennica vol. 36 no. 3 article id 534