%0 Research article
%T Needle chronologies on Pinus sylvestris in northern Estonia and southern Finland
%A Pensa, Margus
%A Jalkanen, Risto
%D 1999
%J Silva Fennica
%V 33
%N 3
%R doi:10.14214/sf.654
%U https://silvafennica.fi/article/654
%X A needle trace method was used to reveal the chronology of needle  retention on Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in southern Finland (two  stands) and northern Estonia (two stands). The average annual summer  needle retention along the main stem varied from 2.2 to 3.1 in Estonian  stands and between 3.4 and 4.2 in Finnish stands during the period  1966–1990. The 23-year-mean needle age was 3.0 and 2.1 years in Finland  and Estonia, respectively. In all stands, the mean needle age decreased  sharply in 1980s.