%0 Research article
%T Open-top chamber fumigation system for exposure of field grown Pinus sylvestris to elevated carbon dioxide and ozone concentration
%A Palomäki, Virpi
%A Hassinen, Alpo
%A Lemettinen, Matti
%A Oksanen, Timo
%A Helmisaari, Heljä-Sisko
%A Holopainen, Jarmo
%A Kellomäki, Seppo
%A Holopainen, Toini
%D 1998
%J Silva Fennica
%V 32
%N 3
%R doi:10.14214/sf.681
%U https://silvafennica.fi/article/681
%X An open-top chamber fumigation system was built in a young Scots pine  stand to study the effects of realistic elevated ozone (O3) and carbon  dioxide (CO2) concentrations and their combination on trees in natural  conditions. Doubled CO2 concentration compared to present ambient  concentration, and O3 concentration between 40 ppb and 70 ppb in the  first study year (1994) and doubled O3 concentration in years 1995 and  1996 were the target concentrations in the chambers. The O3  concentration in the chambers was successfully maintained close to the  target concentration and differences between chambers were small. The  mean CO2 concentration in the CO2 treatment was ca. 100 ppm below the  target, but was maintained at this level throughout the growing season.  Two degrees higher mean air temperature and slightly lower light  intensity compared to open air were measured in the chambers. The  operation of the fumigation system was satisfactory during the three  study years and repeatability of the gas treatments can be regarded good  in this low cost exposure system.