Table 1. Survival rates (%) of planted Norway spruce (Ns), Scots pine (Sp) and lodgepole pine (Lp) seedlings following each mechanical site preparation method (MSP) and No MSP, in field experiments and survey studies obtained 3–27 growing seasons after planting. The character ~ indicates values estimated from a diagram and * in “No MSP” that statistical analysis was reported in that study. Bold values indicate a statistically significant difference from the control (“No MSP”) and values in brackets show differences in percentage units in relation to “No MSP”. In most experiments, the planted seedlings were protected by an insecticide to reduce pine weevil (Hylobius abietis L.) damage. In experiments where both protected and unprotected seedlings were planted values are shown for both types.
Tree species	Years after planting	Latitude (°N)	Altitude (m a.s.l.)	Temp. sum (d.d. °C)	Survival (%) by MSP-method						No. of sites	Reference
					No MSP	Patch scarification	Disc trenching	Mounding	Soil inversion	Ploughing
Experiments
Ns2	3	60	200	1116	~67*	~91 (+24)		~91 (+24)			1	Brække et al. (1986)
Ns2	3	60	160	1189	~88	~90 (+2)					1	Fløistad et al. (2007)
Ns1,2	3	56–57	180–250	1329	822 341			952 (+13) 801 (+46)			4	Örlander and Nilsson (1999)
Ns1,2	3	56–57	150	1384	~952 ~121		~952 (±0) ~701 (+58)				4	Petersson and Örlander (2003)
Ns2	3	57	155	1349	41*2 12*1		672 (+26) 351 (+23)	652 (+24) 261 (+14)	682 (+27) 441 (+32)		1	Petersson (2011)
Ns2	3	57	170–240	1308	~802 ~441		~952 (+15) ~891 (+45)				3	Härlin and Eriksson (2014, 2016), Eriksson et al. (2017)
Ns2	3	62–63	~140	1165	70			96 (+26)	95 (+25)		2	Heiskanen et al. (2013)
Ns2	4	61	400	861	~77*	~84 (+7)					6	Kohmann (1999)
Ns2	4	56–58	150	1354	~73*		~90 (+17)		~97 (+24)		4	Bergquist et al. (2009)
Ns1	4	62	~140	1165			73	93			1	Luoranen et al. (2006)
Ns1	5–6	59–61	80–450	947	~72	~82 (+10)					3	Hine (1988)
Ns2	6	60–61	430–620	853	~86*	~90 (+4)			~93 (+7)		8	Granhus et al. (2003)
Ns2	7	56–57	130–190	1375	75*			88 (+13)	94 (+19)		2	Hjelm, pers. comm. (2019)
Ns1,2	7	57–58	200	1282	~652 ~161		~872 (+22) ~601 (+44)				2 1	Thorsén et al. (2001)
Ns1	7	62	~140	1060			744	874			1	Uotila et al. (2010)
Ns1	8	65	480	467	74			89 (+15)			1	Bergan (1990)
Ns2	10	64	275–310	812	70*		95 (+25)	96 (+26)	98 (+28)	100 (+30)	1	Örlander et al. (1998)
Ns1	10	56–57	170–180	1363		69				99	2	Örlander et al. (2002)
Ns1	12	61	50	1121	~81*	~95 (+14)					1	Hine (1988)
Ns2	18	63–65	330–580	683	57			70 (+13)	80 (+23)		8	Johansson et al. (2013a)
Ns2	18	57	180–250	1287	58			71 (+13)	79 (+21)		2	Johansson et al. (2013a)
Sp1,2	3	57	170–240	1308	~562 ~271		~842 (+28) ~841 (+57)				3	Härlin and Eriksson (2014, 2016)
Sp2	4	56–58	150	1354	~70*		~85 (+15)		~90 (+20)		4	Bergquist et al. (2009)
Sp1	4	66	200	855				90			1	Luoranen and Rikala (2013)
Sp2	5	62	130	1165			81	91			1	Luoranen and Rikala (2013)
Sp2	5	60	150	1172	70*		96 (+26)				1	Johansson et al. (2013b)
Sp2	5	57	200	1312	63*		90 (+27)				1	Johansson et al. (2013b)
Sp1	10	57	180	1329		93				95	1	Örlander et al. (2002)
Sp3	18	67	440	507	~16*	~34 (+18)		~49 (+33)			1	Hansson and Karlman (1997)
Sp3	25–27	66–68	180–290	783		45	42			58	8	Mäkitalo et al. (2010)
Lp1	5	64	150	913		99				99	1	Örlander et al. (2002)
Lp2	10	64	275–310	812	72*		86 (+14)	90 (+18)	98 (+26)	98 (+26)	1	Örlander et al. (1998)
Lp1,2	17	62	370–420	847	89		95 (+6)	95 (+6)		95 (+6)	3	Mattson and Bergsten (2003)
Lp3	18	67	440	507	~44*	~50 (+6)		~60 (+16)			1	Hansson and Karlman (1997)
Surveys
Ns2	3	60–64	20–300	–	76	84 (+8)	83 (+7)	91 (+15)			5196	Saksa and Kankaanhuhta (2007)
Ns1	4	61–63	90–140	–			85	93			3	Luoranen et al. (2006)
Ns3	4	62	~140	–		93	81	93			24	Saksa (2011)
Ns3	10	62–67	–	–			74	74			23	Söderbäck (2012)
Sp2	3	60–64	20–300	–	47	73 (+26)	82 (+35)	87 (+40)			1951	Saksa and Kankaanhuhta (2007)
Sp3	10	62–67	–	–			76	76			31	Söderbäck (2012)
Lp3	10	62–67	–	–				86			5	Söderbäck (2012)
1 Seedlings not treated with an insecticide. 2 Seedlings treated with an insecticide. 3 No information given about whether seedlings were treated with an insecticide. Seedlings were probably not treated. 4 Estimated mortality.