| Table A1. Pairwise comparisons of species for all nutrients in fine woody debris (FWD). Comparisons with significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) are highlighted in bold. | |||||||||||||
| Species comparisons | Nutrients (mg kg–1) | ||||||||||||
| C (%) | N | P | K | Ca | Mg | Na | Mn | Al | B | Cu | Fe | Zn | |
| F. nigra vs. A. balsamea | <.0001 | 0.2692 | 0.7768 | 0.5241 | 0.3495 | 0.3905 | 0.6208 | <.0001 | 0.0590 | <.0001 | 0.3195 | 0.9958 | <.0001 |
| F. nigra vs. B. papyrifera | <.0001 | 0.9912 | 0.0490 | 0.0003 | 0.9798 | 0.7836 | 0.0054 | <.0001 | 0.4525 | 0.0002 | 0.6378 | 0.0949 | <.0001 |
| F. nigra vs. A. rubrum | 0.2065 | 0.1898 | 1.0000 | <.0001 | 0.6041 | 0.0096 | 0.7553 | <.0001 | 0.8343 | 0.0028 | 0.0306 | 0.8520 | 0.2122 |
| F. nigra vs. P. tremuloides | 0.0028 | 0.5318 | 0.6956 | 0.0354 | 0.0736 | 0.9350 | 0.0364 | 0.2255 | 0.1037 | 0.0485 | 0.4463 | 0.0470 | <.0001 |
| A. balsamea vs. B. papyrifera | 0.3886 | 0.1082 | 0.4782 | 0.0451 | 0.1197 | 0.9681 | 0.2125 | 0.9500 | 0.0003 | 0.2416 | 0.9847 | 0.2090 | <.0001 |
| A. balsamea vs. A. rubrum | <.0001 | 0.9997 | 0.8194 | 0.0202 | 0.9937 | 0.5106 | 0.9995 | 0.0480 | 0.0027 | 0.0522 | 0.8269 | 0.9693 | 0.0026 |
| A. balsamea vs. P. tremuloides | 0.0519 | 0.0052 | 0.9999 | 0.6602 | 0.0002 | 0.0858 | 0.5707 | <.0001 | <.0001 | 0.0031 | 0.0046 | 0.1154 | 0.0002 |
| B. papyrifera vs. A. rubrum | <.0001 | 0.0697 | 0.0602 | 0.9984 | 0.2725 | 0.1800 | 0.1360 | 0.2404 | 0.9690 | 0.9570 | 0.5124 | 0.5553 | <.0001 |
| B. papyrifera vs. P. tremuloides | 0.0002 | 0.8066 | 0.5667 | 0.5827 | 0.2448 | 0.3118 | 0.9665 | <.0001 | 0.9286 | 0.4710 | 0.0228 | 0.9985 | 0.1046 |
| A. rubrum vs. P. tremuloides | <.0001 | 0.0028 | 0.7438 | 0.3998 | 0.0009 | 0.0007 | 0.4322 | <.0001 | 0.6044 | 0.8752 | 0.0001 | 0.3788 | <.0001 |
| Table A2. Mean coarse woody debris (CWD) nutrient concentrations for each species by decay class with standard errors in parentheses. Carbon is presented in percent total (%) while all other nutrients are in mg kg–1. Sample sizes within each species/decay class combination are n = 10. | |||||||||||||||
| Nutrient | Species | ||||||||||||||
| Populus tremuloides | Acer rubrum | Betula papyrifera | Fraxinus nigra | Abies balsamea | |||||||||||
| Decay class | Decay class | Decay class | Decay class | Decay class | |||||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | |
| C |
49.1 (0.1) |
48.6 (0.3) |
49.6 (0.1) |
46.9 (0.3) |
48.4 (0.2) |
49.3 (0.4) |
47.9 (0.3) |
48.1 (0.2) |
49.3 (0.7) |
48.4 (0.1) |
48.6 (0.1) |
49.4 (0.2) |
50.8 (0.1) |
50.4 (0.3) |
50.5 (0.1) |
| N |
24.0 (0.0) |
24.0 (0.0) |
55.9 (31.9) |
24.0 (0.0) |
26.7 (2.7) |
180.1 (156.1) |
80.0 (56.0) |
59.6 (35.6) |
646.8 (290.0) |
865.3 (221.8) |
556.9 (148.8) |
2231.0 (342.3) |
380.2 (183.4) |
329.8 (123.1) |
437.3 (167.1) |
| P |
163 (20) |
118 (16) |
75 (16) |
131 (11) |
137 (16) |
141 (18) |
141 (17) |
98 (10) |
125 (27) |
81 (6) |
84 (8) |
88 (13) |
113 (16) |
105 (17) |
75 (9) |
| K |
1384 (102) |
1357 (107) |
1317 (576) |
1292 (162) |
1562 (489) |
1701 (464) |
695 (151) |
783 (239) |
723 (154) |
3007 (304) |
2849 (316) |
3508 (886) |
2144 (230) |
2545 (447) |
2005 (283) |
| Ca |
5556 (581) |
4691 (318) |
4959 (1335) |
2054 (205) |
3045 (432) |
4066 (473) |
2082 (328) |
3064 (633) |
4400 (970) |
3964 (304) |
4086 (268) |
6060 (984) |
2268 (148) |
2227 (270) |
2977 (345) |
| Na |
21.2 (2.2) |
18.4 (2.3) |
20.8 (3.8) |
21.1 (1.7) |
18.4 (0.9) |
23.4 (1.9) |
16.7 (2.5) |
22.1 (4.6) |
30.3 (5.4) |
33.5 (4.0) |
33.9 (4.0) |
50.4 (7.8) |
37.4 (3.5) |
29.0 (4.5) |
36.5 (4.2) |
| Mg |
464 (40) |
427 (35) |
462 (94) |
237 (25) |
327 (43) |
466 (50) |
267 (19) |
407 (85) |
442 (57) |
368 (20) |
412 (26) |
834 (183) |
353 (28) |
399 (53) |
373 (21) |
| Mn |
14.7 (2.5) |
12.8 (1.5) |
16.7 (2.9) |
91.5 (10.3) |
98.8 (11.1) |
191.3 (44.3) |
111.6 (17.3) |
115.1 (24.6) |
156.7 (26.2) |
6.3 (0.8) |
5.9 (0.8) |
14.7 (2.1) |
121.8 (14.9) |
113.5 (30.0) |
109.3 (26.6) |
| Al |
6.2 (2.3) |
3.3 (0.7) |
10.7 (2.3) |
4.2 (0.7) |
3.3 (0.4) |
6.1 (1.2) |
3.1 (0.6) |
2.2 (0.3) |
5.4 (1.0) |
4.4 (1.5) |
4.1 (0.7) |
20.6 (6.2) |
17.2 (4.1) |
11.3 (3.2) |
11.5 (1.5) |
| B |
4.0 (0.3) |
3.4 (0.3) |
3.8 (0.8) |
2.7 (0.2) |
3.5 (0.2) |
5.1 (0.6) |
2.3 (0.2) |
3.4 (0.6) |
5.8 (1.1) |
5.5 (0.3) |
6.3 (0.8) |
12.5 (2.5) |
2.3 (0.2) |
2.5 (0.2) |
2.7 (0.3) |
| Cu |
2.2 (0.1) |
2.4 (0.3) |
2.9 (0.5) |
1.4 (0.1) |
2.1 (0.4) |
2.7 (0.4) |
1.6 (0.4) |
1.3 (0.1) |
2.0 (0.3) |
1.4 (0.1) |
1.5 (0.2) |
2.3 (0.4) |
1.6 (0.1) |
1.5 (0.1) |
1.7 (0.2) |
| Fe |
28.0 (10.6) |
14.3 (2.8) |
24.8 (5.7) |
17.5 (2.8) |
21.4 (3.4) |
14.1 (1.8) |
9.2 (1.3) |
9.2 (1.3) |
14.0 (2.1) |
14.4 (3.5) |
15.6 (2.8) |
45.7 (10.9) |
22.9 (7.9) |
11.3 (1.4) |
16.6 (1.9) |
| Zn |
55.9 (4.2) |
46.2 (3.0) |
49.1 (9.5) |
7.7 (0.9) |
10.8 (1.0) |
19.9 (3.4) |
58.9 (6.0) |
90.0 (18.2) |
122.7 (17.9) |
2.4 (0.3) |
2.5 (0.3) |
4.7 (1.0) |
16.1 (1.7) |
17.9 (1.6) |
19.1 (2.5) |
| Table A3. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) table with pairwise comparisons for all macronutrients (C, N, P, K, Ca, and Mg) in coarse woody debris (CWD) by species and decay class including the source of variation, degrees of freedom (d.f.) for both the numerator and denominator, and F-values and probabilities for each nutrient analyzed. Comparisons among species and decay class are presented with significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) highlighted in bold. | ||||||||||||||
| Source of variation |
d.f. (numerator) |
d.f. (denominator) |
C (%) | N (mg kg–1) | P (mg kg–1) | K (mg kg–1) | Ca (mg kg–1) | Mg (mg kg–1) | ||||||
| F | p | F | p | F | p | F | p | F | p | F | p | |||
| Species | 4 | 135 | 45.67 | <.0001 | 42.02 | <.0001 | 6.54 | <.0001 | 33.68 | <.0001 | 18.11 | <.0001 | 5.46 | 0.0004 |
| Decay class | 2 | 135 | 23.02 | <.0001 | 8.45 | 0.0003 | 5.99 | 0.0032 | 0.93 | 0.3954 | 5.41 | 0.0055 | 8.35 | 0.0004 |
| Species X Decay class | 8 | 135 | 2.99 | 0.0040 | 1.13 | 0.3478 | 2.36 | 0.0209 | 0.47 | 0.8725 | 2.72 | 0.0081 | 2.37 | 0.0203 |
| Comparisons | ||||||||||||||
| F. nigra vs. A. balsamea | <.0001 | <.0001 | 0.8510 | 0.1379 | <.0001 | 0.1915 | ||||||||
| F. nigra vs. B. papyrifera | 0.1174 | <.0001 | 0.0387 | <.0001 | <.0001 | 0.0106 | ||||||||
| F. nigra vs. A. rubrum | 0.0545 | <.0001 | <.0001 | <.0001 | 0.0003 | 0.0049 | ||||||||
| F. nigra vs. P. tremuloides | 0.1136 | <.0001 | 0.0879 | <.0001 | 0.9782 | 0.9984 | ||||||||
| A. balsamea vs. B. papyrifera | <.0001 | 0.0550 | 0.3485 | <.0001 | 0.7070 | 0.7968 | ||||||||
| A. balsamea vs. A. rubrum | <.0001 | <.0001 | 0.0029 | 0.0007 | 0.3937 | 0.6577 | ||||||||
| A. balsamea vs. P. tremuloides | <.0001 | <.0001 | 0.5440 | 0.0001 | <.0001 | 0.3269 | ||||||||
| B. papyrifera vs. A. rubrum | 0.9978 | 0.1593 | 0.3522 | 0.0009 | 0.9874 | 0.9993 | ||||||||
| B. papyrifera vs. P. tremuloides | <.0001 | 0.0654 | 0.9977 | 0.0047 | <.0001 | 0.0255 | ||||||||
| A. rubrum vs. P. tremuloides | <.0001 | 0.9953 | 0.1992 | 0.9897 | <.0001 | 0.0126 | ||||||||
| Decay1 vs. Decay2 | 0.7801 | 0.9954 | 0.1504 | 0.9983 | 0.3895 | 0.1435 | ||||||||
| Decay1 vs. Decay3 | <.0001 | 0.0017 | 0.0021 | 0.4487 | 0.0039 | 0.0002 | ||||||||
| Decay2 vs. Decay3 | <.0001 | 0.0013 | 0.2563 | 0.4823 | 0.1276 | 0.0770 | ||||||||
| Table A4. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) table with pairwise comparisons for all micronutrients (Na, Mn, Al, B, Cu, Fe, and Zn) in coarse woody debris (CWD) by species and decay class including the source of variation, degrees of freedom (d.f.) for both the numerator and denominator, and F-values and probabilities for each nutrient analyzed. Comparisons among species and decay class are presented with significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) highlighted in bold. | ||||||||||||||||
| Source of variation |
d.f. (numerator) |
d.f. (denominator) |
Na (mg kg–1) | Mn (mg kg–1) | Al (mg kg–1) | B (mg kg–1) | Cu (mg kg–1) | Fe (mg kg–1) | Zn (mg kg–1) | |||||||
| F | P | F | p | F | p | F | p | F | p | F | p | F | p | |||
| Species | 4 | 135 | 17.52 | <.0001 | 94.57 | <.0001 | 16.15 | <.0001 | 36.86 | <.0001 | 9.24 | <.0001 | 4.22 | 0.0030 | 300.54 | <.0001 |
| Decay class | 2 | 135 | 5.59 | 0.0047 | 4.94 | 0.0085 | 20.01 | <.0001 | 12.06 | <.0001 | 7.60 | 0.0007 | 6.26 | 0.0025 | 8.40 | 0.0004 |
| Species X Decay class | 8 | 135 | 1.09 | 0.3763 | 1.27 | 0.2644 | 2.26 | 0.027 | 4.41 | <.0001 | 1.73 | 0.0977 | 2.21 | 0.0305 | 4.05 | 0.0002 |
| Comparisons | ||||||||||||||||
| F. nigra vs. A. balsamea | 0.9777 | <.0001 | 0.0003 | <.0001 | 1.0000 | 0.7122 | <.0001 | |||||||||
| F. nigra vs. B. papyrifera | <.0001 | <.0001 | 0.0102 | <.0001 | 0.9643 | 0.0043 | <.0001 | |||||||||
| F. nigra vs. A. rubrum | <.0001 | <.0001 | 0.4594 | <.0001 | 0.1501 | 1.0000 | <.0001 | |||||||||
| F. nigra vs. P. tremuloides | <.0001 | 0.0369 | 0.9607 | <.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.9124 | <.0001 | |||||||||
| A. balsamea vs. B. papyrifera | 0.0004 | 0.8168 | <.0001 | 0.0117 | 0.9365 | 0.1472 | <.0001 | |||||||||
| A. balsamea vs. A. rubrum | <.0001 | 0.9616 | <.0001 | <.0001 | 0.1912 | 0.7641 | <.0001 | |||||||||
| A. balsamea vs. P. tremuloides | <.0001 | <.0001 | <.0001 | <.0001 | 0.0002 | 0.9940 | <.0001 | |||||||||
| B. papyrifera vs. A. rubrum | 0.9614 | 0.9943 | 0.4692 | 0.4829 | 0.0290 | 0.0058 | <.0001 | |||||||||
| B. papyrifera vs. P. tremuloides | 0.5380 | <.0001 | 0.0698 | 0.5462 | <.0001 | 0.0557 | <.0001 | |||||||||
| A. rubrum vs. P. tremuloides | 0.9090 | <.0001 | 0.8613 | 1.0000 | 0.1704 | 0.9396 | <.0001 | |||||||||
| Decay1 vs. Decay2 | 0.4091 | 0.7555 | 0.0937 | 0.1411 | 0.8338 | 1.0000 | 0.4971 | |||||||||
| Decay1 vs. Decay3 | 0.1079 | 0.0599 | 0.0002 | <.0001 | 0.0012 | 0.0073 | 0.0003 | |||||||||
| Decay2 vs. Decay3 | 0.0034 | 0.0087 | <.0001 | 0.0099 | 0.0076 | 0.0075 | 0.0140 | |||||||||
| Table A5. Mean coarse woody debris (CWD) nutrient concentrations for each decay class pooled across species/wood type with standard errors in parentheses. Carbon is presented in percent total (%) while all other nutrients are in mg kg–1. Sample sizes within each decay class are as follows: decay classes 1–3, n = 50; decay class 4, n = 20; decay class 5, n = 10. Within each row, values with similar letters are not significantly different (p > 0.05). | |||||||
| Nutrient | Decay class | F-value | p-value | ||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |||
| C | 48.6 (0.2)cd | 48.8 (0.1)c | 49.6 (0.2)b | 52.7 (0.8)a | 40.7 (2.7)d | 15.06 | <.0001 |
| N | 275 (73)c | 199 (48)c | 710 (148)c | 1877 (387)b | 5678 (632)a | 19.69 | <.0001 |
| P | 126 (8)b | 108 (6)bc | 101 (9)c | 209 (23)a | 514 (46)a | 17.96 | <.0001 |
| K | 1704 (143)a | 1819 (185)a | 1851 (266)a | 1288 (293)ab | 536 (42)b | 5.34 | 0.0004 |
| Ca | 3185 (247)d | 3423 (214)cd | 4493 (412)bc | 4865 (353)ab | 6457 (547)a | 9.11 | <.0001 |
| Na | 26.0 (1.7)bc | 24.4 (1.8)c | 32.3 (2.6)b | 47.1 (5.0)a | 67.3 (5.5)a | 14.91 | <.0001 |
| Mg | 338 (16)d | 394 (23)cd | 515 (48)bc | 597 (65)ab | 694 (55)a | 11.36 | <.0001 |
| Mn | 69 (8)b | 69 (10)b | 98 (15)b | 246 (29)a | 288 (66)a | 15.67 | <.0001 |
| Al | 7.0 (1.2)c | 4.8 (0.8)c | 10.8 (1.5)b | 83.6 (25.6)a | 1074.1 (236.6)a | 36.17 | <.0001 |
| B | 3.4 (0.2)b | 3.8 (0.3)ab | 6.0 (0.7)a | 5.2 (0.7)ab | 5.4 (0.5)ab | 3.99 | 0.0040 |
| Cu | 1.6 (0.1)c | 1.8 (0.1)c | 2.3 (0.2)b | 3.9 (0.3)a | 6.3 (0.7)a | 28.94 | <.0001 |
| Fe | 18.4 (2.8)c | 14.3 (1.2)c | 23.0 (3.0)b | 101.6 (29.5)a | 1344.6 (348.3)a | 24.02 | <.0001 |
| Zn | 28.2 (3.8)b | 33.5 (5.8)b | 43.1 (7.2)b | 95.1 (17.4)a | 104.0 (17.5)a | 9.76 | <.0001 |