A synthesis of the characteristics of current national, regional and international forestry journals

One of the main objectives of the International Union of Forest Research Organization’s WP 9.01.06 (Forest Science Publishing) is to clarify the range of forestry-related journals in the context of the overall objective of supporting authors and readers to deepen their knowledge of forestry. This study extended an earlier list of forestry journals using the ISSN database and the CAB abstracts. The study included 451 journal titles, each categorized by ISSN, publisher, language of publication, website, and geographical coverage (i.e. national, regional, international, or three mixed intermediate categories), as well as information on indexing in Web of Science, Scopus, DOAJ, and SherpaRomeo. The included journals are published in 61 countries and in 32 different languages. Those categorized as international are mostly published in English. 21.7% of the journals are indexed in Web of Science and 34.1% in Scopus. 95.6% of the titles are published online or in the print+online publishing model, but only 57.0% of the titles are published in Open Access, of which only 33.7% are indexed in DOAJ.


Introduction
In 2008, Vanclay (2008) published a list of 180 forestry journal titles, that have contributed significantly to the development of the forestry profession. These were indexed by Web of Science (WoS), Database Forest, Ulrich's Periodical Directory, JournalSeek, Metla's Virtual Forestry Library and Google Scholar. The list should help researchers to find the most appropriate journal to reach their target audience (Vanclay 2008). Klenk et al. (2010) highlighted the interdisciplinary aspects of articles in the field of forestry that are disseminated in forestry and other related WoS categories such as social sciences, economics, sociology, political science and law. Dreyer et al. (2014) conclude that only 10% of the articles on forestry published between 2002-2012 were published in journals "devoted to the forest science area". The fact that researchers publish the results of forest research in other journals reflects the multidisciplinary nature of forestry. Other analyses with different methodological approaches lead to similar conclusions (Chirici 2012). The term "forestry" appears in the Scopus collection in 1412 articles published in 389 journals, most of which are not related to forestry (Vanclay and Bornmann 2012).
The need to establish an updated list of forest-related journals has been recognised by the IUFRO (International Union of Forest Research Organisations) Working Party 9.01.06 "Forest Science Publishing" meeting in Helsinki 2015 (Changing scientific… 2015), focusing on the geographical scope of the journal (i.e. national, regional, international). It was agreed that the list should be as comprehensive as possible and include smaller national and regional journals.
As reported by Gu and Blackmore (2017), different sets of journal indicators are available from different databases, making direct comparisons difficult. Data consolidation was done manually. The first title list was revised by removing duplicate, ceased, non-academic, trade and governance titles. The following additional criteria for inclusion on the list were searched manually: • the journal must have a website with general information and instructions to authors, • journal articles, if they are not written in English, must be equipped with basic information in English (English title, abstract, keywords), • the journal must have a peer review system.
Due to the large number of title duplicates obtained through the large number of databases (the first harvest yielded more than 2500 titles), it was difficult to count how many titles did not conform to the selection process due to lack of information in the database or on the journal's website. It must be emphasized that there is a problem of poor websites related to some journals. Data on language information was not recorded on the journal's website if it was not in English. Most of the Chinese journals' websites were not accessible or they were in Chinese characters. Nevertheless, it was decided to retain them on the list to show the quantity of Chinese forestry journal production.
Eight parameters were recorded for each title ( Table 1). The main source of information for the journals was their websites at the time of data collection (first half of 2019). However, data on publisher, country and ISSN were mainly obtained from the ISSN and supplemented with data from the website when the data were clearly written. Data on geographical coverage (Tables 1 and 2) and publishing model were collected in the first half of 2019 and reflect current practice. Information on the impact factor (IF) and SNIP was collected in August 2019 from the WoS and Scopus database for the years 2017 and 2018. At that time, of course, the data for 2019 had not yet been calculated. In addition, research was conducted to determine whether the journals were indexed in DOAJ (in August 2019) and whether their open access policies were analysed by SherpaRomeo (end of 2019, http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/index.php).
Data on geographical coverage was added based on the titles of published papers and determination of the definition of regional, national and international ( Table 2). The definition of geographical coverage was based on different opinions gained through editorial experience and information from interviews with editors, web forums and WOS's statement on "international focus" (Testa 2019). An international journal could be published in any language and have a large potential readership, and its scope can be understood as international. Three main categories of geographical coverage were defined: national, regional and international. However, in some cases journals had characteristics of more than one category (e.g. when they appeared to publish mainly in one geographical coverage but occasionally in another, largely national, but with some articles with a regional focus). Therefore, three mixed categories were added: national-regional, nationalinternational and regional-international.

Country of origin and language of journals
Through a cross search in seven databases we have listed 451 titles of scientific forestry journals. The analysis showed that most forestry journals are published in Europe and Asia (Table 3). The headquarters of big publishing corporations, where 76 (16.9%) of the journal titles counted are published, also contribute to this. We consider a big international publishing house to be a publishing house dedicated to publishing and not belonging to a research organization or professional association that publishes more than one (forestry) journal. 25.2% of all titles are published in China (Table 4). Unfortunately, the websites of Chinese journals are not dedicated and accessible to international readers, so 87 out of 95 journals were categorized as national journals. * Two journals recorded are published by two publishers from different countries/continent and were therefore counted twice. ** Big international publishers is understood to be a publisher that does not belong to research organization or professional union and it publishes more than one journal. Or if the information is written on webpage.

Regional
Published in more than one language (regional languages) or in international languages (English, Spanish, French, German). Cover regional topics (declared so on the website). Can be published in more than one country. Can be indexed by Web of Science or Scopus. Editorial board members are from different countries.
Or if the information is written on webpage. International The information is written on webpage.
International language (English, Spanish, French, German). Indexed by Web of Science or Scopus.
International editorial board.
The analysis of the journal title list shows that 216 (47.8%) of all forestry journals are published only in English and 37.3% only in other languages. The remaining 14.9% of titles are published both in English and in one or more other languages (Fig. 1). In 74 (16.4%) of the journals, the language of publication is not limited to one language, and in some journals authors can choose between 4 languages. In total, 285 (63.2%) of the 451 titles are published in English, in Chinese 94 (20.8%), in Spanish 35 (7.8%), in Portuguese 16 (3.5%), in German 13 (2.9%), in Japanese 11 (2.4%), in French 10 (2.2%) and in Russian 9 (2.0%). The remaining 25 languages are represented in less than 2% of the journals per language.

Geographical coverage of forestry journals
The majority, 250 (55.4%) of all titles were categorized as national and 83 (18.3%) as international (Table 4). Of the journals indexed as international, regional/international or national/international (n = 118), 93.2% (n = 110) were published in English only.

Publishing models
The "print+online" publishing model accounts for 86.5% of all journals in the year of data collection (2019)

Representation of forestry journals in international databases
We In the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), where redears and potential authors can find links to high-quality, peer-reviewed Open Access journals, we have identified 83 (18.4%) titles. However, we recorded 246 titles published in Open Access, which means that only 19.3% of all journals on our list are indexed by the DOAJ. This could be the result of the new selection criteria of the DOAJ in 2013, an additional re-evaluation and the removal of titles from the list.
We checked the overlap of titles from our list with SherpaRomeo, where potential authors can find information on Open Access policies. For 107 (23.7%) titles on our list, SherpaRomeo has checked the OA policy. If we take into account that we identify 246 forestry titles published in Open Access, only 43.4% of these are available in SherpaRomeo. About half of these titles (48.6%) are published by big international publishers.

Mapping of forestry science
When collecting titles, one of the sources was Web of Science, category Forestry. Category Forestry is one of the 254 categories of Web of Science, divided into six different scientific fields used for journal classifications or mapping Web of Science categories (Natural sciences, Engineering and technology, Medical and health sciences, Agricultural sciences, Social sciences, Humanities). Each indexed title is assigned to at least one category (Web of Science Core Collection… 2018).
Web of Sciences indexes 98 (21.7%) of the titles from our list, 67 (68.3%) of which are indexed in the category Forestry. Due to the inclusion of titles indexed in categories other than the WoS category Forestry, but indexed in other database's category equivalent to Forestry, 31 additional forestry titles were identified which are not recognized and categorized as forestry journals by Web of Science.
In an effort to assess publishing patterns and scientific output, we mapped journals indexed in WoS to Frascati-related OECD FOS (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, Field of Science and Technology). We mapped the WoS categories of journals and counted each category once if the journal was classified in more than one category (as Bartol et al. 2016). Twentysix different categories were displayed in 4 different subfields. The highest proportion of journals indexed in Web of Science was indexed in the category of "forestry" (68.3%), followed by "materials science, paper and wood" (11.22%), "ecology" (7.14%), "agriculture, multidisciplinary"and "agronomy" (both 6.12%), "plant science" (5.10%). Twenty other categories with less than 5% share were also recorded. Thus, 88% of the titles are indexed in "agricultural sciences", 27% in "natural sciences", 19% in "engineering and technology" and 2% in "social sciences".

Conclusions
This study has identified 451 journals published in 61 countries and 32 different languages, which indicates the global nature of publishing in forestry.
Forestry journals are not always indexed in the Web of Science category Forestry which indicates a diverse range of publishing in this field. When creating the first title list of forestry journals, only journals that are indexed in the category Forestry were considered. As a result, all titles indexed in the WoS category Forestry were included. Since we also included titles from other databases (according to their category Forestry), an additional 66 titles indexed in the other WoS categories were included in the list. This shows the differences in the coding systems of the databases.
We counted 35 journals in which papers can be published in Spanish and 10 in French. The numbers are not negligible as these journals have a large potential readership. We have taken into account that journals with readers and authors from different Latin American countries can be international or regional/international, while many US journals are national.
We believe that the results of this analysis can also be used by journal editorial boards. If the journal does not have at least an informative website with general information about the journal (e.g. title, ISSN, publisher, contact, instructions to authors, publishing policy of the journal), editors should make an effort to do so. In the course of our research, we have also found that ISSN numbers are not sufficient; journals published in print and online versions should have two ISSN numbers. A high proportion of journals are published in the online model. At a time when open access publishing is becoming increasingly important, small publishers in particular should make efforts to increase the visibility of journals by including titles in DOAJ and SherpaRomeo. Publishing of forestry journals is present on all inhabited continents and reflects the development of the forestry profession and the dominance of the large publishers. The high proportion of Englishlanguage journals indicates that the majority of scientific communication is in English. However, there is a significant proportion of journals in other languages. This indicates an awareness of the evolution of professional terminology in these languages. Unfortunately, these journals remain national, perhaps to a lesser extent regional. National journals in particular are not visible internationally and are not indexed in citation indexes. With editorial activities to update publishing practise, all journals have the opportunity to be included in collections that are gaining influence in open access.
We hope that the list and the results of this research report will not only be published but also updated annually and made available on the IUFRO website so that they are accessible to forestry students, researchers, practitioners and can be used for further studies.