Table 1. Allocation of sawn wood and wood-based panels into functional unit groups is derived from the Forecon report (2018) on current consumption. Birch allocation in other than plywood is based on the authors’ judgements. The allocation is used to establish the current consumption pattern. The pattern is then used to estimate the resulting displacement effect of the functional unit groups for which displacement factors were selected.
Product category Functional unit group Pine Spruce Birch
Sawn wood Structural elements 27% 34%
Non-structural elements 53% 41% 100%
Short-lived use 20% 25%
Particle board Structural elements 47% 47%
Non-structural elements 45% 45%
Short-lived use 7% 7%
Fiberboard Structural elements 57% 57%
Non-structural elements 36% 36%
Short-lived use 5% 5%
Plywood Structural elements 29% 64%
Non-structural elements 16% 36%
Short-lived use 55%
Table 2. Carbon content and the resulting displacement effect by 1) dominant tree species and 2) functional unit groups according to the BAU scenario (i.e. current production volumes and consumption pattern).
Functional unit Mass (Tg) C Content (Tg) Displacement effect (Tg C)
Pine Structural element 0.75 0.38 0.50
Non-structural element 1.30 0.66 1.06
Short-lived use 0.49 0.25 0.10
Sub total 2.53 1.29 1.65
Spruce Structural element 0.97 0.49 0.64
Non-structural element 0.93 0.48 0.76
Short-lived use 0.71 0.36 0.14
Sub total 2.60 1.33 1.55
Birch Structural element 0.14 0.07 0.09
Non-structural element 0.11 0.05 0.08
Sub total 0.25 0.12 0.17
Table 3. Aggregated displacement factor values and total displacement effect amounts in the examined scenarios based on the allocation of wood material into the functional unit groups.
Tree species Scenario Displacement
factor 		Displacement effect (Tg C)
Pine BAU 1.28 1.7
Potential 1.28 1.7
WEM 2030 1.28 1.8
WEM 2050 1.28 2.2
2003 1.28 2.0
2009 1.28 1.2
Spruce BAU 1.16 1.5
Potential 1.19 1.6
WEM 2030 1.16 1.7
WEM 2050 1.16 2.0
2003 1.17 1.9
2009 1.17 1.1
Birch BAU 1.43 0.2
Potential 1.43 0.2
WEM 2030 1.43 0.2
WEM 2050 1.43 0.2
2003 1.43 0.2
2009 1.43 0.1
Table 4. Comparison of the scenario results against those of BAU, by 1) tree species and 2) functional unit group. Results are given for 1) the total amount of wood material and 2) the resulting displacement effect.
BAU reference Potential WEM 2030 WEM 2050 2003 2009
m3 Mg CO2 m3 Mg CO2 m3 Mg CO2 m3 Mg CO2 m3 Mg CO2 m3 Mg CO2
Pine
1.* 1.62 1.82 0.19 0.21 0.12 0.14 0.48 0.53 0.32 0.36 –0.44 –0.49
2. 2.81 3.87 –0.14 –0.20 0.24 0.32 0.92 1.26 0.62 0.85 –0.84 –1.16
3. 1.05 0.36 –0.05 –0.02 0.09 0.03 0.34 0.12 0.23 0.08 –0.32 –0.11
Sub total 5.49 6.05 0.00 0.00 0.45 0.49 1.74 1.91 1.17 1.29 –1.60 –1.76
Spruce    
1. 2.35 2.34 0.10 0.10 0.19 0.19 0.70 0.70 0.42 0.42 –0.66 –0.66
2. 2.28 2.80 0.04 0.05 0.20 0.24 0.77 0.95 0.49 0.60 –0.74 –0.91
3. 1.72 0.53 –0.14 –0.04 0.20 0.06 0.62 0.19 0.33 0.10 –0.57 –0.17
Sub total 6.35 5.67 0.00 0.10 0.59 0.49 2.10 1.84 1.24 1.12 –1.97 –1.74
Birch    
1. 0.25 0.33 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.07 0.11 0.14 0.02 0.03 –0.08 –0.11
2. 0.18 0.30 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.05 0.07 0.12 0.02 0.03 –0.06 –0.10
Sub total 0.43 0.62 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.12 0.18 0.26 0.04 0.06 –0.14 –0.20
Total 12.27 12.34 0.00 0.10 1.11 1.10 4.01 4.01 2.46 2.48 –3.71 –3.71
* Numbers refer to structural (1), non-structural (2), and short-lived (3) elements, all figures are in millions
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Fig. 1. Total annual displacement effect (Tg CO2) by scenario and tree species in Finland for total annual production of sawn wood and wood-based panels. Comparison to BAU is given in percentages.