Fig. 1. Flowchart of the literature selection process for molecular and genetic research of Dipterocarpaceae in Indonesia.
Fig. 2. Bibliometric analysis of global research on Dipterocarpaceae.
Fig. 3. Dipterocarpaceae species from Indonesia and other countries that have been studied using molecular and genetic approaches.
| Table 1. Endemic and threatened Dipterocarpaceae species with limited molecular and genetic research in Indonesia. | ||||
| No | Species | Distribution area | IUCN status | References |
| 1 | Anisoptera costata | Bangladesh; Brunei Darussalam; Cambodia; Indonesia (Kalimantan, Sumatera, Java); Lao People’s Democratic Republic; Malaysia (Sarawak, Sabah, Peninsular Malaysia); Myanmar (Myanmar (mainland)); Philippines; Thailand; Viet Nam | Endangered | (Indrioko et al. 2006; Nguyen et al. 2017; Moura et al. 2019) |
| 2 | Dipterocarpus littoralis | Nusakambangan Island, Central Java, Indonesia | Critically endangered | (Ashton 1982; Dwiyanti et al. 2014b; Hamidi and Robiansyah 2018) |
| 3 | Hopea bilitonensis | Bangka Belitung (Indonesia) and Perak (Malaysia) | Critically endangered | (Ashton 1982; Chua et al. 2023; Kusuma et al. 2024) |
| 4 | Parashorea globosa | Indonesia and Kledang Saoing (Perak) | Critically endangered | (Indrioko et al. 2006; Kusuma et al. 2023) |
| 5 | Rubroshorea selanica | Maluku Island, Indonesia | Vulnerable | (Rachmat et al. 2012a, 2024; Yulita et al. 2023) |
| 6 | Upuna borneensis | Kalimantan, Indonesia | Vulnerable | (Indrioko et al. 2006; Randi et al. 2019; Neo et al. 2020) |
| 7 | Vatica bantamensis | Java, Indonesia | Critically endangered | (Indrioko et al. 2006; Robiansyah 2018) |
Fig. 4. Trends in the use of molecular and genetic methods in global and Indonesia Dipterocarpaceae research during 1994–2025. Direct sequencing: Sanger sequencing and SSR analysis via capillary electrophoresis, fragment analysis: marker analyses based on DNA fragment length variation (e.g., RAPD, RFLP, AFLP, ISSR, SRAP, and SSR markers based on acrylamide gel electrophoresis), NGS: Next Generation Sequencing.
Fig. 5. Bibliometric analysis of collaborative networks of institutions related to molecular and genetic research on Dipterocarpaceae in Indonesia. View larger in new window/tab.
Fig. 6. Distribution of emerging research themes in Dipterocarpaceae molecular studies in Indonesia.