home
focus and scope
journal policies
Focus and scope Peer review process Openness and transparency Publication frequency Archiving Article processing charges Criteria for authorship and contributors Conflicts of interest Allegations of misconduct Complaints process Sponsors Journal History
author instructions
General Metadata Article Categories Openness and transparency Submission of manuscripts Manuscript text Citation standards Tables and figures Acknowledgements, funding and availability of research materials and data Supplementary files Procedures for revised and accepted manuscripts
special issues
editors
open access
other journals
Metsätieteen aikakauskirja Dissertationes Forestales Suo - Mires and Peat
contact
financial information
Full text of this article is only available in PDF format.

Mats Warensjö (email), Göran Rune

Stem straightness and compression wood in a 22-year-old stand of container-grown Scots pine trees

Warensjö M., Rune G. (2004). Stem straightness and compression wood in a 22-year-old stand of container-grown Scots pine trees. Silva Fennica vol. 38 no. 2 article id 424. https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.424

Abstract

The distribution of compression wood in relation to eccentric growth and development of stem straightness was studied in a 22-year-old Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stand in central Sweden that was established with container-grown seedlings. Stem straightness was measured on the same 440 trees in 1986 and 1997. The number of stems with straight base sections increased from 60% in 1986 to 89% in 1997. Measurements of 72 sample trees in 2001 showed that 96% of the trees had developed straight stem bases. External geometry data of the logs was obtained with a Rema 3D log scanner. A sub-sample of 16 trees was randomly selected for analysis of compression wood distribution and eccentricity measurements. From each tree, 11 discs were cut at every 60 cm along the stem. All discs, except one, contained compression wood. Compression wood and pith eccentricity was most pronounced near the stem base but not significantly correlated to basal sweep. Severe compression wood content was correlated to pith eccentricity and bow height. In general, correlations were better for the basal sections of the logs. Even though most trees were straight, they contained large amounts of compression wood. It is evident that eccentric growth and compression wood formation play major roles in the development of stem straightness. In several stems, a spiral compression wood distribution pattern was found. Reasons for this are discussed.

Keywords
Pinus sylvestris; stem form; eccentricity; reaction wood

Author Info
  • Warensjö, Department of Forest Products and Markets, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden E-mail mats.warensjo@spm.slu.se (email)
  • Rune, Department of Forestry and Wood Technology, Dalarna University, SE-776 98 Garpenberg, Sweden E-mail gr@nn.se

Received 28 May 2003 Accepted 13 May 2004 Published 31 December 2004

Views 10581

Available at https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.424 | Download PDF

Creative Commons License CC BY-SA 4.0
Register
Click this link to register to Silva Fennica.
Log in
If you are a registered user, log in to save your selected articles for later access.
Contents alert
Sign up to receive alerts of new content
Export reference to EndNote / RefWorks
Related articles
Your selected articles
Send to email
Kangas J., Store R. (2002) Socioecological landscape planning: an approach .. Silva Fennica vol. 36 no. 4 article id 527 (remove) | Edit comment
Ross J., Kellomäki S. et al. (1986) Architecture of Scots pine crown. Silva Fennica vol. 20 no. 2 article id 5265 (remove) | Edit comment
Hakkila P., (1976) On the status of forest work science in the Finn.. Silva Fennica vol. 10 no. 1 article id 4935 (remove) | Edit comment
Hannerz M., (1994) Predicting the risk of frost occurrence after bu.. Silva Fennica vol. 28 no. 4 article id 5535 (remove) | Edit comment
Gort J., Zubizarreta Gerendiain A. et al. (2009) Differences in fibre properties in Scots pine (P.. Silva Fennica vol. 43 no. 3 article id 193 (remove) | Edit comment
Wegelius Th., (1939) The presence and properties of knots in finnish .. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 48 no. 1 article id 7346 (remove) | Edit comment
Edlund J., Bergsten U. et al. (2013) A forest machine bogie with a bearing capacity d.. Silva Fennica vol. 47 no. 3 article id 1017 (remove) | Edit comment
Harshberger J. W., (1929) The forests of the Pacific coasts of British Col.. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 34 no. 5 article id 7218 (remove) | Edit comment
Toijala V. R., (1934) Promotion and supervision of private forestry in.. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 40 no. 35 article id 7312 (remove) | Edit comment
Bhat K. M., Kärkkäinen M. (1981) Variation in structure and selected properties o.. Silva Fennica vol. 15 no. 2 article id 5115 (remove) | Edit comment
Poso S., (1983) Basic features of forest inventory by compartments Silva Fennica vol. 17 no. 4 article id 5196 (remove) | Edit comment
Reitala A., (1987) Forests in Finnish art Silva Fennica vol. 21 no. 4 article id 5334 (remove) | Edit comment
Simola E. J., (1937) Building and maintenance of roads Silva Fennica vol. no. 39 article id 4490 (remove) | Edit comment
Kärkkäinen M., (1978) Observations on the effect of age on the basic d.. Silva Fennica vol. 12 no. 1 article id 4989 (remove) | Edit comment
Rummukainen U., (1954) Estimation of Scots pine and Norway spruce cone .. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 61 no. 20 article id 7432 (remove) | Edit comment
Vospernik S., (2006) Probability of bark stripping damage by red deer.. Silva Fennica vol. 40 no. 4 article id 316 (remove) | Edit comment
Guignard M., (1987) The tree in the Paris and Helsinki areas. Silva Fennica vol. 21 no. 4 article id 5328 (remove) | Edit comment
Saari E., (1968) The notion of reduced yield stands and forest so.. Silva Fennica vol. 2 no. 3 article id 4772 (remove) | Edit comment
Saastamoinen O., Heino J. (1976) Research topics of multiple-use forestry Silva Fennica vol. 10 no. 3 article id 4945 (remove) | Edit comment
Mikkonen E., (1983) The usefulness of some techniques of the mathema.. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 0 no. 183 article id 7630 (remove) | Edit comment
Ezzati S., Najafi A. et al. (2012) Recovery of soil bulk density, porosity and rutt.. Silva Fennica vol. 46 no. 4 article id 908 (remove) | Edit comment
Kokkonen P., (1942) Observations on the soil frost of the winter 194.. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 50 no. 22 article id 7375 (remove) | Edit comment
Eriksson J., Bergholm J. et al. (1981) Injury to vegetation caused by industrial emissi.. Silva Fennica vol. 15 no. 4 article id 5147 (remove) | Edit comment
Tomminen J., (1991) Pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, f.. Silva Fennica vol. 25 no. 2 article id 5447 (remove) | Edit comment
Hartikainen E., (1934) Domestic trade of saw timber in 1932 Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 40 no. 22 article id 7299 (remove) | Edit comment
Bijak S., Zasada M. et al. (2013) Estimating coarse roots biomass in young silver .. Silva Fennica vol. 47 no. 2 article id 963 (remove) | Edit comment
Légaré S., Bergeron Y. et al. (2002) Influence of forest composition on understory co.. Silva Fennica vol. 36 no. 1 article id 567 (remove) | Edit comment
Leikola M., (1981) Structure and development of publishing activity.. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 0 no. 175 article id 7622 (remove) | Edit comment
Saari E., (1954) On forest and timber balances Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 60 no. 2 article id 7409 (remove) | Edit comment
Norrlin J. P., (1923) Hawkweeds (Hieracium sp.) of Finland Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 23 no. 9 article id 7108 (remove) | Edit comment
Laitakari E., (1930) Activities of Finnish Society of Forest Sciences.. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 36 no. 4 article id 7262 (remove) | Edit comment
Koskenmaa E. J., (1951) Use of machines in construction of roads and flo.. Silva Fennica vol. no. 69 article id 4604 (remove) | Edit comment
Lappi-Seppälä M., (1929) Studies on the slenderness of the pine Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 34 no. 42 article id 7255 (remove) | Edit comment
Mickovski S. B., Ennos A. R. (2003) Anchorage and asymmetry in the root system of Pi.. Silva Fennica vol. 37 no. 2 article id 498 (remove) | Edit comment
Tamminen P., Derome J. (2005) Temporal trends in chemical parameters of upland.. Silva Fennica vol. 39 no. 3 article id 370 (remove) | Edit comment
Kankaanhuhta V., Saksa T. et al. (2010) The effect of quality management on forest regen.. Silva Fennica vol. 44 no. 2 article id 157 (remove) | Edit comment
Kärki T., (1999) Predicting the value of grey alder (Alnus incana.. Silva Fennica vol. 33 no. 1 article id 667 (remove) | Edit comment
Zhang Y., Zhang D. et al. (2005) Small-scale non-industrial private forest owners.. Silva Fennica vol. 39 no. 3 article id 378 (remove) | Edit comment
Diaz-Balteiro L., Voces R. et al. (2011) Making sustainability rankings using compromise .. Silva Fennica vol. 45 no. 4 article id 103 (remove) | Edit comment
Ahonen L., (1971) Discount value and time sequence of fellings Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 0 no. 119 article id 7553 (remove) | Edit comment
Kangas K., (1999) Trade of main wild berries in Finland Silva Fennica vol. 33 no. 2 article id 665 (remove) | Edit comment
Nuutinen Y., Väätäinen K. et al. (2008) The accuracy of manually recorded time study dat.. Silva Fennica vol. 42 no. 1 article id 264 (remove) | Edit comment
Ollonqvist P., (1988) The quarter century development in the paradigms.. Silva Fennica vol. 22 no. 4 article id 5366 (remove) | Edit comment
Korpela I., Tuomola T. et al. (2007) Mapping forest plots: an efficient method combin.. Silva Fennica vol. 41 no. 3 article id 283 (remove) | Edit comment
Warensjö M., Rune G. (2004) Stem straightness and compression wood in a 22-y.. Silva Fennica vol. 38 no. 2 article id 424 (remove) | Edit comment
Your search results
Silva Fennica · Finnish Society of Forest Science