Anna-Maija Hallaksela 
Causal agents of butt-rot in Norway spruce in southern Finland.
Hallaksela A.-M. (1984). Causal agents of butt-rot in Norway spruce in southern Finland. Silva Fennica vol. 18 no. 3 article id 5216. https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.a15395
Abstract
A total of 146 Norway spruce-dominated clear-cutting areas and 140 of the sample plots included in the 7th National Forest Inventory in Finland were examined during 1974–78. The micro-organisms causing decay in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.) sample trees were identified. The most common causal agent of butt-rot was Heterbasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref. Other fungi causing decay in the spruce trees were Armillaria mellea (Vahl.) Quél, Stereum sanguinolentum (Alb. & Schw. ex Fr.), Resinicum bicolor (Alb. & Schw. ex Fr.) Parm. and Climacocystis borealis (Fr.) Kotl. & Pouz. Species of Ascocoryne were very often present in the decay. The decay caused by H. annosum was considerably more extensive than cases of decay where the fungus was not present.
The PDF includes a summary in Finnish.
Keywords
Norway spruce;
Picea abies;
Heterobasidion annosum;
root rot;
Stereum sanguinolentum;
decay;
fungal diseases;
Armillaria mellea;
Resinicum bicolor;
Climacocystis borealis;
Ascocoryne
Published in 1984
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