Full text of this article is only available in PDF format.

Veli-Pekka Ikonen (email), Seppo Kellomäki, Heli Peltola

Sawn timber properties of Scots pine as affected by initial stand density, thinning and pruning: a simulation based approach

Ikonen V.-P., Kellomäki S., Peltola H. (2009). Sawn timber properties of Scots pine as affected by initial stand density, thinning and pruning: a simulation based approach. Silva Fennica vol. 43 no. 3 article id 197. https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.197

Abstract

The aim of this work was to analyze how different management schedules with varying initial stand density, thinning and artificial pruning of branches affect the quality, quantity and value of sawing yield in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). For this purpose, an integrated model system was employed and further developed to simulate: i) the three dimensional structure of the crown and stem of an average tree grown in a stand related to the changes in the within-stand light conditions as caused by the stand management, and ii) the sawing of logs into pieces and their quality grading based on the size and number of living and dead knots on the surfaces of sawn pieces. To maximize the quality of sawn timber, relatively dense stand is desired in the early phase of the rotation to reduce, especially in the lower part of stem, the growth of branches, and to increase the rate of dying and pruning-off of branches. In the later phase, a relatively sparse stand is desired to increase the self-pruning of branches and the occlusion of knots. However, in any case, artificial pruning is needed to maximize the knot-free zone of the stem. Also the value optimization of individual sawn pieces affects the quality and value of sawn timber. Because, only average tree was simulated, the differences between scenarios for stem volume were small. In the future, further model development is needed to analyze the development of crown and stem properties of trees with different status in a stand.

Keywords
three-dimensional modeling; sawing simulator; knots; Pinus sylvestris L.; shading

Author Info
  • Ikonen, University of Joensuu, Faculty of Forest Sciences, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland E-mail veli-pekka.ikonen@joensuu.fi (email)
  • Kellomäki, University of Joensuu, Faculty of Forest Sciences, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland E-mail sk@nn.fi
  • Peltola, University of Joensuu, Faculty of Forest Sciences, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland E-mail hp@nn.fi

Received 2 June 2008 Accepted 2 June 2009 Published 31 December 2009

Views 2497

Available at https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.197 | Download PDF

Creative Commons License CC BY-SA 4.0

Register
Click this link to register to Silva Fennica.
Log in
If you are a registered user, log in to save your selected articles for later access.
Contents alert
Sign up to receive alerts of new content

Your selected articles
Your search results
Nykänen M.-L., Broadgate M. et al. (1997) Factors affecting snow damage of trees with part.. Silva Fennica vol. 31 no. 2 article id 5618
Beuker E., Kellomäki S. et al. (1996) Changes in wood production of Picea abies and Pi.. Silva Fennica vol. 30 no. 2–3 article id 5591
Hänninen H., Kellomäki S. et al. (1996) Overwintering and productivity of Scots pine in .. Silva Fennica vol. 30 no. 2–3 article id 5590
Palomäki V., Holopainen T. et al. (1996) First-year results on the effects of elevated at.. Silva Fennica vol. 30 no. 2–3 article id 5580
Karjalainen T., Kellomäki S. et al. (1994) Role of wood-based products in absorbing atmosph.. Silva Fennica vol. 28 no. 2 article id 5398
Kolström T., Kellomäki S. (1993) Tree survival in wildfires. Silva Fennica vol. 27 no. 4 article id 5521
Hänninen H., Kellomäki S. et al. (1993) Effect of increased winter temperature on the on.. Silva Fennica vol. 27 no. 4 article id 5518
Peltola H., Aho J. et al. (1993) Swaying of trees as caused by wind: analysis of .. Silva Fennica vol. 27 no. 2 article id 5505
Peltola H., Kellomäki S. (1993) A mechanistic model for calculating windthrow an.. Silva Fennica vol. 27 no. 2 article id 5504
Kellomäki S., Kolström M. (1992) Computations on the management of seedling stand.. Silva Fennica vol. 26 no. 2 article id 5478
Kellomäki S., Hänninen H. et al. (1992) A simulation model for the succession of the bor.. Silva Fennica vol. 26 no. 1 article id 5468
Smolander H., Kellomäki S. et al. (1990) The effect of nitrogen concentration on needle p.. Silva Fennica vol. 24 no. 1 article id 5414
Kellomäki S., Kolström T. et al. (1989) Simulations on the occurrence of dead trees in n.. Silva Fennica vol. 23 no. 3 article id 5382
Kellomäki S., Hänninen H. et al. (1988) Model computations on the impacts of the climati.. Silva Fennica vol. 22 no. 4 article id 5362
Kellomäki S., Seppälä M. (1987) Simulations on the effects of timber harvesting .. Silva Fennica vol. 21 no. 2 article id 5315
Kellomäki S., Hänninen H. et al. (1987) A tentative model for describing the effects of .. Silva Fennica vol. 21 no. 1 article id 5302
Kellomäki S., (1984) Observations on the influence of stand density o.. Silva Fennica vol. 18 no. 2 article id 5207
Kellomäki S., Nevalainen T. (1983) Relationship between stand density on tree size Silva Fennica vol. 17 no. 4 article id 5200
Viherä A., Kellomäki S. (1983) Observations on structure and growth of crowns o.. Silva Fennica vol. 17 no. 3 article id 5189
Kellomäki S., (1983) Strength of Scots pine branches Silva Fennica vol. 17 no. 2 article id 5185
Kellomäki S., Oker-Blom P. (1983) Canopy structure and light climate in a young Sc.. Silva Fennica vol. 17 no. 1 article id 5171
Kellomäki S., Puttonen P. et al. (1982) Effect of nitrogen fertilization on photosynthes.. Silva Fennica vol. 16 no. 4 article id 5169
Mälkönen E., Aro-Heinilä V. et al. (1982) Effect of fertilization and irrigation on the gr.. Silva Fennica vol. 16 no. 1 article id 5157
Mäkelä A., Hari P. et al. (1981) A model for the effect of air pollutants on fore.. Silva Fennica vol. 15 no. 4 article id 5151
Greis I., Kellomäki S. (1981) Crown structure and stem growth of Norway spruce.. Silva Fennica vol. 15 no. 3 article id 5125
Katainen H.-S., Kellomäki S. (1981) Effect of foliar application of dilute sulphuric.. Silva Fennica vol. 15 no. 3 article id 5123
Kellomäki S., Oker-Blom P. (1981) Specific needle area of Scots pine and its depen.. Silva Fennica vol. 15 no. 2 article id 5116
Kellomäki S., (1981) Effect of the within-stand light conditions on t.. Silva Fennica vol. 15 no. 2 article id 5111
Karhu I., Kellomäki S. (1980) Effects of silvicultural practises on the forest.. Silva Fennica vol. 14 no. 4 article id 5093
Kellomäki S., Kanninen M. (1980) Eco-physiological studies on young Scots pine st.. Silva Fennica vol. 14 no. 4 article id 5092
Kellomäki S., (1980) Preliminary results of the effect of drying and .. Silva Fennica vol. 14 no. 4 article id 5089
Mäkelä A., Hari P. et al. (1980) Eco-physiological studies on young Scots pine st.. Silva Fennica vol. 14 no. 3 article id 5080
Kellomäki S., Hari P. et al. (1980) Eco-physiological studies on young Scots pine st.. Silva Fennica vol. 14 no. 3 article id 5079
Kellomäki S., Hari P. (1980) Eco-physiological studies on young Scots pine st.. Silva Fennica vol. 14 no. 3 article id 5078
Nylund L., Haapanen A. et al. (1980) Radial growth of Scots pine and soil conditions .. Silva Fennica vol. 14 no. 1 article id 5056
Nylund M., Haapanen A. et al. (1979) Deterioration of forest ground vegetation and de.. Silva Fennica vol. 13 no. 4 article id 5052
Ilonen P., Hari P. et al. (1979) On distribution of growth in crown system of you.. Silva Fennica vol. 13 no. 4 article id 5049
Kellomäki S., (1979) The effect of solar radiation and air temperatur.. Silva Fennica vol. 13 no. 4 article id 5048
Haapanen T., Hari P. et al. (1979) Effect of fertilization and thinning on radial g.. Silva Fennica vol. 13 no. 2 article id 5033
Kellomäki S., Wuorenrinne H. (1979) Factors affecting deterioration of urban forests Silva Fennica vol. 13 no. 2 article id 5032
Kellomäki S., (1979) Benefits of forests in urban environment  Silva Fennica vol. 13 no. 2 article id 5029
Koskimäki A., Hari P. et al. (1979) Inherent growth rythm of some Larix-species grow.. Silva Fennica vol. 13 no. 1 article id 5021
Hari P., Kanninen M. et al. (1979) An automatic system for measurements of gas exch.. Silva Fennica vol. 13 no. 1 article id 5019
Kellomäki S., (1979) On geoclimatic variation in basic density of Sco.. Silva Fennica vol. 13 no. 1 article id 5015
Kellomäki S., (1978) Effects of nitrogen fertilization on photosynthe.. Silva Fennica vol. 12 no. 3 article id 5006
Kellomäki S., (1978) Recreational potential of a forest stand. Silva Fennica vol. 12 no. 3 article id 5001
Kellomäki S., Hari P. et al. (1977) Production of structural matter by a plant commu.. Silva Fennica vol. 11 no. 4 article id 4981
Väisänen E., Hari P. et al. (1977) Annual growth level of some plant species as a f.. Silva Fennica vol. 11 no. 4 article id 4980
Kellomäki S., (1977) Trails in guiding recreational activity in Helsi.. Silva Fennica vol. 11 no. 4 article id 4979
Kellomäki S., (1977) Deterioration of forest ground cover during tram.. Silva Fennica vol. 11 no. 3 article id 4972
Kellomäki S., Hari P. et al. (1977) Annual production of some forest mosses as a fun.. Silva Fennica vol. 11 no. 1 article id 4964
Lehtonen I., Hari P. et al. (1977) On control of daily structural matter production.. Silva Fennica vol. 11 no. 1 article id 4959
Kellomäki S., Hari P. (1976) Rate of photosynthesis of some forest mosses as .. Silva Fennica vol. 10 no. 4 article id 4953
Lehtonen I., Kellomäki S. et al. (1976) Nutrient cycle in a Scots pine stand. II. Amount.. Silva Fennica vol. 10 no. 4 article id 4952
Kellomäki S., Haapanen A. et al. (1976) Tree stands in urban noise abatement. Silva Fennica vol. 10 no. 3 article id 4949
Kellomäki S., Pohjapelto P. (1976) The distribution of throughfall in a virgin spru.. Silva Fennica vol. 10 no. 2 article id 4941
Kellomäki S., (1975) Studies concerning the relationship between biom.. Silva Fennica vol. 9 no. 1 article id 4912
Kellomäki S., (1974) The relation between biomass and coverage in gro.. Silva Fennica vol. 8 no. 1 article id 4895
Kellomäki S., (1973) Ground cover response to trampling in a spruce s.. Silva Fennica vol. 7 no. 2 article id 4880
Hari P., Kellomäki S. et al. (1982) Dynamics of early development of tree stand Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 0 no. 177 article id 7624
Savolainen R., Kellomäki S. (1981) Scenic value of forest landscape Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 0 no. 170 article id 7617
Kellomäki S., Saastamoinen V.-L. (1975) Trampling tolerance of forest vegetation Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 0 no. 147 article id 7581
Kellomäki S., (1975) Forest stand preferences of recreationists Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 0 no. 146 article id 7580
Huttunen L., Ayres M. P. et al. (2013) Interactive effects of defoliation and climate c.. Silva Fennica vol. 47 no. 3 article id 964
Kellomäki S., Maajärvi M. et al. (2010) Model computations on the climate change effects.. Silva Fennica vol. 44 no. 2 article id 455
Nuutinen T., Kilpeläinen A. et al. (2009) Future wood and fibre sources – case North Karel.. Silva Fennica vol. 43 no. 3 article id 202
Ikonen V.-P., Kellomäki S. et al. (2009) Sawn timber properties of Scots pine as affected.. Silva Fennica vol. 43 no. 3 article id 197
Gregow H., Puranen U. et al. (2008) Temporal and spatial occurrence of strong winds .. Silva Fennica vol. 42 no. 4 article id 231
Vanhanen H., Veteli T. O. et al. (2007) Climate change and range shifts in two insect de.. Silva Fennica vol. 41 no. 4 article id 469
Zeng H., Pukkala T. et al. (2007) Application of ant colony optimization for the r.. Silva Fennica vol. 41 no. 2 article id 299
Peltola H., Miina J. et al. (2002) Effect of early thinning on the diameter growth .. Silva Fennica vol. 36 no. 4 article id 523
Nuutinen T., Kellomäki S. (2001) A comparison of three modelling approaches for l.. Silva Fennica vol. 35 no. 3 article id 586
Palomäki V., Hassinen A. et al. (1998) Open-top chamber fumigation system for exposure .. Silva Fennica vol. 32 no. 3 article id 681