home
focus and scope
journal policies
Focus and scope Peer review process Openness and transparency Publication frequency Archiving Article processing charges Criteria for authorship and contributors Conflicts of interest Allegations of misconduct Complaints process Sponsors Journal History
author instructions
General Metadata Article Categories Openness and transparency Submission of manuscripts Manuscript text Citation standards Tables and figures Acknowledgements, funding and availability of research materials and data Supplementary files Procedures for revised and accepted manuscripts
special issues
editors
open access
other journals
Metsätieteen aikakauskirja Dissertationes Forestales Suo - Mires and Peat
contact
financial information
Full text of this article is only available in PDF format.

Matti Kärkkäinen (email)

Mänty- ja kuusirunkojen arvosuhteet.

Kärkkäinen M. (1986). Mänty- ja kuusirunkojen arvosuhteet. Silva Fennica vol. 20 no. 2 article id 5267. https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.a15446

English title: Value relations of Scots pine and Norway spruce stems

Abstract

A mathematical model was developed for determining the value of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.) stems on the basis of sawing and pulping. The model was based on selling prices of sawn goods, pulp and other products as well as processing costs. Sawing was applied to large-dimension parts of stems and pulping to other parts and small stems. Bark and other residues were burned. The quality of pine stems was described by the distance of the lowest dead branch. In spruce only stem size affected the quality-

According to the results, the size of stem affects considerably the value of pine stems and clearly that of spruce stems. The main reason is an increase in the productivity of frame sawing as the stem size increases. In pine another factor is the higher price of sawn goods. The effect of pulp price increases as the stem size decreases. Even in large sized stems the effect of pulp was notable as the value of chips and saw dust was determined on the basis of product values in export. The competition ability of mechanical pulp was greatly affected by the price of electricity.

The PDF includes an abstract in English.

Original keywords
kuusi; paperiteollisuus; mänty; sahatavara; sahateollisuus; raaka-aine; rungon koko

English keywords
Pinus sylvestris; Norway spruce; Picea abies; Scots pine; simulation; pulping; sawn goods; sawmill industry; pulp industry; raw material; stem size

Published in 1986

Views 1607

Available at https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.a15446 | Download PDF

Creative Commons License CC BY-SA 4.0
Register
Click this link to register to Silva Fennica.
Log in
If you are a registered user, log in to save your selected articles for later access.
Contents alert
Sign up to receive alerts of new content
Export reference to EndNote / RefWorks
Related articles
Your selected articles
Your search results
Hökkä H., Alenius V. et al. (1997) Individual-tree basal area growth models for Sco.. Silva Fennica vol. 31 no. 2 article id 5616
Lilja A., Kurkela T. et al. (1997) Nursery practices and management of fungal disea.. Silva Fennica vol. 31 no. 1 article id 5611
Maltamo M., (1997) Comparing basal area diameter distributions esti.. Silva Fennica vol. 31 no. 1 article id 5609
Vettenranta J., (1996) Effect of species composition on economic return.. Silva Fennica vol. 30 no. 1 article id 5574
Lindgren K., Lindgren D. (1996) Germinability of Norway spruce and Scots pine po.. Silva Fennica vol. 30 no. 1 article id 5571
Koistinen E., Valkonen S. (1993) Models for height development of Norway spruce a.. Silva Fennica vol. 27 no. 3 article id 5510
Pulkkinen P., (1993) Frost hardiness development and lignification of.. Silva Fennica vol. 27 no. 1 article id 5497
Nygren M., (1990) Variation in the seed mass of Scots pine and Nor.. Silva Fennica vol. 24 no. 1 article id 5410
Tomminen J., Nuorteva M. et al. (1989) Occurrence of the nematode Bursaphelenchus mucro.. Silva Fennica vol. 23 no. 4 article id 5389
Hänninen H., Pelkonen P. (1988) Effects of temperature on dormancy release in No.. Silva Fennica vol. 22 no. 3 article id 5357
Kellomäki S., Seppälä M. (1987) Simulations on the effects of timber harvesting .. Silva Fennica vol. 21 no. 2 article id 5315
Pukkala T., (1987) Effect of seed production on the annual growth o.. Silva Fennica vol. 21 no. 2 article id 5312
Pukkala T., (1987) Model for predicting the seed crop of Picea abie.. Silva Fennica vol. 21 no. 2 article id 5311
Kärkkäinen M., (1986) Model of knottiness of wood material in pine, sp.. Silva Fennica vol. 20 no. 2 article id 5266
Kärkkäinen M., (1986) Value relations of birch veneer logs and stems i.. Silva Fennica vol. 20 no. 1 article id 5261
Halinen M., (1985) The effect of the growth rate of young Scots pin.. Silva Fennica vol. 19 no. 4 article id 5251
Kärkkäinen M., Halinen M. (1985) Reappraisal of minimum requirements of Scots pin.. Silva Fennica vol. 19 no. 3 article id 5246
Kärkkäinen M., (1985) Norway spruce wood grown in Finland compared wit.. Silva Fennica vol. 19 no. 2 article id 5238
Långström B., (1984) Windthrown Scots pines as brood material for Tom.. Silva Fennica vol. 18 no. 2 article id 5213
Pohtila E., Pohjola T. (1983) Results from the reforestation experiment on plo.. Silva Fennica vol. 17 no. 3 article id 5188
Luo F., (1983) Determination of stem value. Silva Fennica vol. 17 no. 3 article id 5187
Kärkkäinen M., Hakala H. (1983) Effect of log size on the bending and compressio.. Silva Fennica vol. 17 no. 2 article id 5182
Kellomäki S., Puttonen P. et al. (1982) Effect of nitrogen fertilization on photosynthes.. Silva Fennica vol. 16 no. 4 article id 5169
Soikkeli S., (1981) The types of ultrastructural injuries in conifer.. Silva Fennica vol. 15 no. 4 article id 5136
Ollinmaa P. J., (1981) Physical properties of wood growing on drained s.. Silva Fennica vol. 15 no. 3 article id 5128
Greis I., Kellomäki S. (1981) Crown structure and stem growth of Norway spruce.. Silva Fennica vol. 15 no. 3 article id 5125
Kellomäki S., (1981) Effect of the within-stand light conditions on t.. Silva Fennica vol. 15 no. 2 article id 5111
Kellomäki S., (1980) Preliminary results of the effect of drying and .. Silva Fennica vol. 14 no. 4 article id 5089
Jokinen R., (1980) Estimation of growth response achieved through f.. Silva Fennica vol. 14 no. 3 article id 5081
Luukkanen O., Johansson S. (1980) Flower induction by exogenous plant hormones in .. Silva Fennica vol. 14 no. 1 article id 5070
Mikola J., (1980) The effect of seed size and duration of growth o.. Silva Fennica vol. 14 no. 1 article id 5069
Niiranen J., (1980) Methods used in cutting propagation of forest tr.. Silva Fennica vol. 14 no. 1 article id 5065
Velling P., (1980) Variation in the density of wood of different Sc.. Silva Fennica vol. 14 no. 1 article id 5063
Haapanen A., Siitonen P. (1978) Forest fires in Ulvinsalo strict nature reserve .. Silva Fennica vol. 12 no. 3 article id 5002
Huttunen S., (1978) The effects of air pollution on provenances of S.. Silva Fennica vol. 12 no. 1 article id 4983
Mäkelä M., (1977) Calculating the basic density of whole tree- and.. Silva Fennica vol. 11 no. 2 article id 4970
Lehtiniemi T., (1977) Factors affecting gamma-irradiation sensitivity .. Silva Fennica vol. 11 no. 1 article id 4963
Kärkkäinen M., (1976) Density and moisture content of wood and bark, a.. Silva Fennica vol. 10 no. 3 article id 4948
Kärkkäinen M., (1976) Height and width of rays in Scots pine stems Silva Fennica vol. 10 no. 2 article id 4938
Kapustinskaité T., (1975) Ash content of peatland soils and stand growth i.. Silva Fennica vol. 9 no. 3 article id 4924
Westman C. J., (1974) Effect of urea application on nitrogen available.. Silva Fennica vol. 8 no. 2 article id 4902
Luukkanen O., (1973) Observations on CO2 exchange in open pollinated .. Silva Fennica vol. 7 no. 4 article id 4888
Kärkkäinen M., (1973) Amount and size of rays in Scots pine stems Silva Fennica vol. 7 no. 2 article id 4879
Kärkkäinen M., (1972) The proportion of heartwood in Norway spruce (Pi.. Silva Fennica vol. 6 no. 3 article id 4872
Pohtila E., (1972) Effect of fine-grounded copper rock phosphate pl.. Silva Fennica vol. 6 no. 1 article id 4859
Kozubov G. M., (1971) Electron microscopic studies in the development .. Silva Fennica vol. 5 no. 4 article id 4854
Luukkanen O., Räsänen P. K. et al. (1971) The use of needle colour in predicting growth an.. Silva Fennica vol. 5 no. 4 article id 4853
Kärkkäinen M., (1971) Decay following logging injury in stems and root.. Silva Fennica vol. 5 no. 3 article id 4848
Mannerkoski H., (1971) Effect of fertilization on the initial developme.. Silva Fennica vol. 5 no. 2 article id 4841
Heikurainen L., Ouni J. (1970) Height growth of seedling stands growing on peat.. Silva Fennica vol. 4 no. 2 article id 4817
Löyttyniemi K., (1969) The effect of treatment of Scots pine and Norway.. Silva Fennica vol. 3 no. 3 article id 4803
Eklund B., (1967) Annual variation of increment in Scots pine and .. Silva Fennica vol. 1 no. 4 article id 4756
Nuorteva M., (1967) Potential in using determination of insect speci.. Silva Fennica vol. 1 no. 1 article id 4736
Päivänen J., (1966) Distribution of rainfall in different types of f.. Silva Fennica vol. no. 119 article id 4732
Tamm C. O., (1965) Some experiences from forest fertilization trial.. Silva Fennica vol. no. 117 article id 4725
Jamalainen E. A., (1961) Damage by low-temperature parasitic fungi on con.. Silva Fennica vol. 0 no. 108 article id 4703
Kolehmainen V. A., (1955) Effect of prescribed burning in the forest regen.. Silva Fennica vol. no. 85 article id 4644
Heiskanen V., (1951) Value grading of Scots pine saw logs Silva Fennica vol. no. 69 article id 4612
Kalliola R., (1942) Vegetation and flora in the Pyhätunturi National.. Silva Fennica vol. no. 59 article id 4579
Paperipuun-vientikomitea ., (1933) The pulpwood question Silva Fennica vol. no. 28 article id 4469
Lähde E., (1966) Studies on the respiration rate in the different.. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 81 no. 8 article id 7173
Ilvessalo Y., (1967) The development of natural normal forest stands .. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 81 no. 5 article id 7170
Hårdh J. E., (1966) Trials with carbon dioxide, light and growth sub.. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 81 no. 1 article id 7166
Huuri O., (1965) The effects of storage in cones on the viability.. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 78 no. 5 article id 7158
Heikurainen L., Seppälä K. (1965) Regionality in stand increment and its dependenc.. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 78 no. 4 article id 7157
Kallio T., (1965) Studies on the biology of distribution and possi.. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 78 no. 3 article id 7156
Laiho O., Mikola P. (1964) Studies on the effect of some eradicants on myco.. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 77 no. 2 article id 7150
Yli-Vakkuri P., (1961) Experimental studies on the emergence and develo.. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 75 no. 1 article id 7135
Yli-Vakkuri P., (1961) Emergence and initial development of tree seedli.. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 74 no. 1 article id 7128
Ollinmaa P. J., (1960) Physical properties of wood growing on drained p.. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 72 no. 2 article id 7119
Ollinmaa P. J., (1959) Study on reaction wood Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 72 no. 1 article id 7118
Kallio K., (1960) The mensurational density of a stand in estimati.. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 71 no. 7 article id 7116
Yli-Vakkuri P., (1960) Snow cover and ground frost in Finnish forests Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 71 no. 5 article id 7114
Yli-Vakkuri P., (1959) On machines for abrading seed wings and their in.. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 68 no. 4 article id 7486
Heikurainen L., (1958) Root systems of mixed forest in drained peatlands Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 67 no. 2 article id 7476
Rummukainen U., (1954) Estimation of Scots pine and Norway spruce cone .. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 61 no. 20 article id 7432
Murto J. O., (1951) Finnish Scots pine resin as raw material for lub.. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 59 no. 2 article id 7406
Kalela E. K., (1949) On the horizontal roots in Scots pine and Norway.. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 57 no. 2 article id 7398
Lukkala O. J., (1942) Measurements of rainfall in different kinds of f.. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 50 no. 23 article id 7376
Lappi-Seppälä M., (1942) Growth of Siberian larch in mixed stands in stat.. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 50 no. 8 article id 7361
Aaltonen V. T., (1942) Growth studies on tree seedlings Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 50 no. 6 article id 7359
Wegelius Th., (1939) The presence and properties of knots in finnish .. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 48 no. 1 article id 7346
Sarvas R., (1937) Natural regeneration of burned areas. Forest bio.. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 46 no. 1 article id 7336
Aaltonen V. T., (1936) Norway spruce as competitor in the sites typical.. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 42 no. 8 article id 7325
Cajander E. K., (1934) Observations in a storm damage area Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 40 no. 10 article id 7287
Hertz M., (1929) Observations on annual and daily cycles in the h.. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 34 no. 18 article id 7231
Heikkilä T., (1925) Growth studies in the northernmost Finland Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 29 no. 4 article id 7194
Ilvessalo Y., (1920) Growth and yield tables for the Scots pine, Norw.. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 15 no. 4 article id 7042
Tyrväinen J., (1995) Wood and fiber properties of Norway spruce and i.. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 0 no. 249 article id 7511
Lahti T., (1995) Understorey vegetation as an indicator of forest.. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 0 no. 246 article id 7508
Hakala H., (1992) Financial result of sawing Scots pine logs as in.. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 0 no. 226 article id 7672
Henttonen H., (1984) The dependence of annual ring indices on some cl.. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 0 no. 186 article id 7633
Nyyssönen A., Ojansuu R. (1982) Assessment of timber assortments, value and valu.. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 0 no. 179 article id 7626
Thammincha S., (1981) Climatic variation in radial growth of Scots pin.. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 0 no. 171 article id 7618
Nyyssönen A., Mielikäinen K. (1978) Estimation of stand increment Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 0 no. 163 article id 7597
Brown R. T., Mikola P. (1974) The influence of fruticose soil lichens upon the.. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 0 no. 141 article id 7575
Seppälä K., (1969) Post-drainage growth rate of Norway spruce and S.. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 0 no. 93 article id 7611
Leikola M., (1969) The influence of environmental factors on the di.. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 0 no. 92 article id 7610
Granvik B.-A., (1968) The quantity and quality of the sawing yield in .. Acta Forestalia Fennica vol. 0 no. 86 article id 7186
Jetsonen J., Laurén A. et al. (2024) Effects of nitrogen fertilization on the ground .. Silva Fennica vol. 58 no. 1 article id 23058
Häggström B., Lutter R. et al. (2023) Effect of arginine-phosphate addition on early s.. Silva Fennica vol. 57 no. 2 article id 22013
Aza A., Kallio A. M. I. et al. (2022) Species selection in areas subjected to risk of .. Silva Fennica vol. 56 no. 3 article id 10732
Goude M., Nilsson U. et al. (2022) Comparing basal area growth models for Norway sp.. Silva Fennica vol. 56 no. 2 article id 10707
Allen B., Dalponte M. et al. (2022) Detection of Root, Butt, and Stem Rot presence i.. Silva Fennica vol. 56 no. 2 article id 10606
Kuehne C., McLean J. P. et al. (2022) A stand-level growth and yield model for thinned.. Silva Fennica vol. 56 no. 1 article id 10627
Dahlgren Lidman F., Holmström E. et al. (2021) Management of spontaneously regenerated mixed st.. Silva Fennica vol. 55 no. 4 article id 10485
Siipilehto J., Allen M. et al. (2020) Stand-level mortality models for Nordic boreal f.. Silva Fennica vol. 54 no. 5 article id 10414
Pikkarainen L., Luoranen J. et al. (2020) Comparison of planting success in one-year-old s.. Silva Fennica vol. 54 no. 1 article id 10243
Pukkala T., Holt Hanssen K. et al. (2019) Stem taper and bark functions for Norway spruce .. Silva Fennica vol. 53 no. 3 article id 10187
Repola J., Hökkä H. et al. (2018) Models for diameter and height growth of Scots p.. Silva Fennica vol. 52 no. 5 article id 10055
Becker H., Aosaar J. et al. (2018) Annual net nitrogen mineralization and litter fl.. Silva Fennica vol. 52 no. 4 article id 10013
Malinen J., Kilpeläinen H. et al. (2018) Validating the predicted saw log and pulpwood pr.. Silva Fennica vol. 52 no. 4 article id 9972
Luoranen J., (2018) Autumn versus spring planting: the initiation of.. Silva Fennica vol. 52 no. 2 article id 7813
Egbäck S., Karlsson B. et al. (2018) Effects of phenotypic selection on height-diamet.. Silva Fennica vol. 52 no. 2 article id 7738
Fajstavr M., Giagli K. et al. (2017) The effect of stem girdling on xylem and phloem .. Silva Fennica vol. 51 no. 4 article id 1760
Egbäck S., Nilsson U. et al. (2017) Modeling early height growth in trials of geneti.. Silva Fennica vol. 51 no. 3 article id 5662
Fedorkov A., Gutiy L. (2017) Performance of lodgepole pine and Scots pine in .. Silva Fennica vol. 51 no. 1 article id 1692
Berlin M. E., Persson T. et al. (2016) Scots pine transfer effect models for growth and.. Silva Fennica vol. 50 no. 3 article id 1562
Saarsalmi A., Tamminen P. et al. (2014) Effects of long-term fertilisation on soil prope.. Silva Fennica vol. 48 no. 1 article id 989
Heiskanen J., Saksa T. et al. (2013) Soil preparation method affects outplanting succ.. Silva Fennica vol. 47 no. 1 article id 893
Nilsson U., Elfving B. et al. (2012) Productivity of Norway spruce compared to Scots .. Silva Fennica vol. 46 no. 2 article id 54
Pukkala T., Hokkanen T. et al. (2010) Prediction models for the annual seed crop of No.. Silva Fennica vol. 44 no. 4 article id 131
Stendahl J., Johansson M.-B. et al. (2010) Soil organic carbon in Swedish spruce and pine f.. Silva Fennica vol. 44 no. 1 article id 159
Havimo M., Rikala J. et al. (2009) Tracheid cross-sectional dimensions in Scots pin.. Silva Fennica vol. 43 no. 4 article id 188
Repola J., (2009) Biomass equations for Scots pine and Norway spru.. Silva Fennica vol. 43 no. 4 article id 184
Ikonen V.-P., Kellomäki S. et al. (2009) Sawn timber properties of Scots pine as affected.. Silva Fennica vol. 43 no. 3 article id 197
Heikkilä J., Sirén M. et al. (2009) Energy wood thinning as a part of stand manageme.. Silva Fennica vol. 43 no. 1 article id 220
Kankaanhuhta V., Saksa T. et al. (2009) Variation in the results of Norway spruce planti.. Silva Fennica vol. 43 no. 1 article id 217
Rautiainen M., Mõttus M. et al. (2008) Crown envelope shape measurements and models Silva Fennica vol. 42 no. 1 article id 261
Repola J., (2006) Models for vertical wood density of Scots pine, .. Silva Fennica vol. 40 no. 4 article id 322
Juntunen V., Neuvonen S. (2006) Natural regeneration of Scots pine and Norway sp.. Silva Fennica vol. 40 no. 3 article id 329
Vanninen P., (2004) Allocation of above-ground growth in Pinus sylve.. Silva Fennica vol. 38 no. 2 article id 425
Warensjö M., Rune G. (2004) Stem straightness and compression wood in a 22-y.. Silva Fennica vol. 38 no. 2 article id 424
Jacobson S., (2003) Addition of stabilized wood ashes to Swedish con.. Silva Fennica vol. 37 no. 4 article id 483
Varhimo A., Kojola S. et al. (2003) Quality and yield of pulpwood in drained peatlan.. Silva Fennica vol. 37 no. 3 article id 494
Rune G., (2003) Slits in container wall improve root structure a.. Silva Fennica vol. 37 no. 3 article id 493
Levula J., Ilvesniemi H. et al. (2003) Relation between soil properties and tree specie.. Silva Fennica vol. 37 no. 2 article id 502
Chantal M. d., Eskola L. et al. (2003) Early establishment of Pinus sylvestris and Pice.. Silva Fennica vol. 37 no. 1 article id 509
Lindén M., Vollbrecht G. (2002) Sensitivity of Picea abies to butt rot in pure s.. Silva Fennica vol. 36 no. 4 article id 519
Vettenranta J., Miina J. (1999) Optimizing thinnings and rotation of Scots pine .. Silva Fennica vol. 33 no. 1 article id 671
Vettenranta J., (1999) Distance-dependent models for predicting the dev.. Silva Fennica vol. 33 no. 1 article id 670
Gaitnieks T., Brauners I. et al. (2018) Infection of pre-commercially cut stumps of P.. Silva Fennica vol. 52 no. 1 article id 9911
Fedorkov A., (2001) Climatic adaptation of seed maturity in Scots pi.. Silva Fennica vol. 35 no. 1 article id 609
Silva Fennica · Finnish Society of Forest Science