Category :
Article
article id 5213,
category
Article
Bo Långström.
(1984).
Windthrown Scots pines as brood material for Tomicus piniperda and T. minor.
Silva Fennica
vol.
18
no.
2
article id 5213.
https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.a15392
Abstract |
View details
|
Full text in PDF |
Author Info
In the 1980 and 1981, windthrown and felled Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) were examined at 8 localities in Sweden. The number and length of egg galleries as well as the number of exit holes of Tomicus piniperda (L.) and T. minor (Hart.) were recorded on sample sections (30 m in length) distributed at 3 m intervals on the 37 fallen pine stems, which were successfully colonized by the beetles. In addition, 78 uprooted pines were surveyed in 6 localities. Most trees were attacked by T. piniperda, but only a few by T. minor. Successful colonization often resulted in the production of several thousand beetles per tree, the maximum being approximately 1,800. The attack density of T. piniperda seldom exceeded 200 egg galleries/m3 bark area, and the brood production usually remained below 1,000 beetles/m3. Much higher figures were obtained or T. minor. In T. piniperda, the rate of reproduction (i.e. the number of exit holes /egg gallery) decreased rapidly with increasing attack density, whereas T. minor seemed to be less sensitive to intraspecific competition.
The PDF includes a summary in Finnish.
-
Långström,
E-mail:
bl@mm.unknown
Category :
Article
article id 7287,
category
Article
English title:
Observations in a storm damage area.
Abstract |
View details
|
Full text in PDF |
Author Info
A big storm hit Finland in 12.10.1933, and caused forest damages especially in the coasts of the Gulf of Finland and Baltic Sea, and in the eastern part of the country. In these areas the wind felled about 75,000‒85,000 m3 timber trees in the state lands. The extent of the wind damage was measured in forest area of 1,500 hectares in Lapinjärvi in Southern Finland. The wind had felled 42% of the Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), 70% of the Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.) and 44% of the Betula sp. trees. Thus, Norway spruce had been most susceptible for wind damage. That extensive damages in Norway spruce seed tree stands risk the regeneration in the area. Natural regeneration of Norway spruce using seed trees may, therefore, be questioned. The seed tree areas on hills, and especially hollows next to the hills were susceptible for wind damage. A denser border stand protects sparsely stocked seed tree area. The damages were also smaller in older seed tree areas, where the trees and ground vegetation had had time to recover after the felling. The felled spruce and birch trees had often stem rot.
The PDF includes a summary in German.
-
Cajander,
E-mail:
ec@mm.unknown
Category :
Climate resilient and sustainable forest management – Research article
article id 23069,
category
Climate resilient and sustainable forest management – Research article
Highlights:
In Finland, the European spruce bark beetle (SBB) prefers mature stands (high age and mean diameter at breast hight), herb-rich heath forest sites and semi-coarse or coarse heath forest soil type, as well as a short distance to the closest wind damage from the previous-year, SBB damage from previous-year and particularly to clear-cuts; These stand types should be prioritised for monitoring SBB damage.
Abstract |
Full text in HTML
|
Full text in PDF |
Author Info
Disturbances caused by the European spruce bark beetle (SBB; Ips typographus L.) on Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.), have increased immensely across Central and Northern Europe, and are expected to increase further as a result of climate change. While this trend has been noted in Finland, so far limited research has been published. To support proper SBB risk management in Finland, we compared stand properties between salvage loggings due to SBB damage during 2012–2020 (4691 cases) and spruce stands free of SBB damage. Also, we explored the role of landscape attributes as drivers of SBB damage. We considered the forest stand attributes of site fertility class, stand development class, soil type, stand mean diameter at breast height and mean stand age. Considered forest landscape attributes were the distance from SBB-damaged stands to the closest clear-cut, to previous-year SBB-damaged stands and to the previous-year wind-damaged stand. We used nationwide forest logging and forest stock data, and analysed forest stand attributes using chi-squared and Mann-Whitney U tests and landscape attributes using generalised linear mixed models. Based on our findings, the SBB didn’t damage stands randomly, but prevailed in mature stands (high age and high mean diameter at breast height), in herb-rich heath forest site types and in semi-coarse or coarse heath forest soil soils. We found correlation between the landscape variables and the number of salvage loggings, with a higher number of loggings due to SBB damage close to clear-cuts. Our results help to find risk areas of SBB damage.
-
Pulgarin Diaz,
School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0554-8254
E-mail:
alexander.pulgarin.diaz@uef.fi
-
Melin,
Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), P.O. Box 68, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7290-9203
E-mail:
markus.melin@luke.fi
-
Ylioja,
Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Latokartanonkaari 9, FI-0079 Helsinki, Finland
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8840-7504
E-mail:
tiina.ylioja@luke.fi
-
Lyytikäinen-Saarenmaa,
School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1884-3084
E-mail:
paivi.lyytikainen-saarenmaa@ef.fi
-
Peltola,
School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
E-mail:
heli.peltola@uef.fi
-
Tikkanen,
School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3875-2772
E-mail:
olli-pekka.tikkanen@uef.fi
Category :
Research article
article id 23044,
category
Research article
Highlights:
Assessing risk should focus on the objectives of the decision maker, not simply to minimize wind damage; We explored timber income-oriented objectives, maximizing net profit and maintaining a high even-flow of timber related income; Integrating wind disturbances had limited advantages when prioritizing net profits, however, the impact was dramatic when striving to maintain a high even-flow of timber.
Abstract |
Full text in HTML
|
Full text in PDF |
Author Info
Forest disturbances challenge our ability to carefully plan for sustainable use of forest resources. As forest disturbances are stochastic, we cannot plan for the disturbance at any specific time or location. However, we can prepare for the possibility of a disturbance by integrating its potential intensity range and frequency when developing forest management plans. This study uses stochastic programming to integrate wind intensity (wind speed) and wind event frequency (number of occurrences) into the forest planning process on a small coastal Finnish forest landscape. We used a mechanistic model to quantify the critical wind speed for tree felling, with a Monte Carlo approach to include wind damage and salvage logging into forest management alternatives. We apply a stochastic programming model to explore two objectives: maximizing the expected forest net present value or maximizing the even-flow of income. To assess the effects of improper wind risk assumptions in planning, we compare the results when optimizing for correct versus incorrect wind intensity and frequency assumptions. When maximizing for net present value, the impacts of misidentifying wind intensity and frequency are minor, likely due to harvests planned immediately as trees reach maturity. For the case when maximizing even-flow of income, incorrectly identifying wind intensity and frequency severely impacts the ability to meet the required harvest targets and reduces the expected net present value. The specific utility of risk mitigation therefore depends on the planning problem. Overall, we show that incorporating wind disturbances into forest planning can inform forest owners about how they can manage wind risk based on their specific risk preferences.
-
Eyvindson,
Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Campus Ås, Norway; Natural Resource Institute Finland (Luke), Bioeconomy and Environment, Laatokartanonkaari 9, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0647-1594
E-mail:
kyle.eyvindson@nmbu.no
-
Kangas,
Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Bioeconomy and Environment, Yliopistokatu 6, 80100 Joensuu, Finland
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8637-5668
E-mail:
annika.kangas@luke.fi
-
Nahorna,
Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Campus Ås, Norway
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5497-0315
E-mail:
olha.nahorna@nmbu.no
-
Hunault-Fontbonne,
Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Campus Ås, Norway
https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1864-5162
E-mail:
juliette.hunault@nmbu.no
-
Potterf,
Ecosystem Dynamics and Forest Management Group, Technical University of Munich, Hans Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6763-1948
E-mail:
maria.potterf@tum.de
article id 138,
category
Research article
Santiago Martín-Alcón,
José Ramón González-Olabarría,
Lluís Coll.
(2010).
Wind and snow damage in the Pyrenees pine forests: effect of stand attributes and location.
Silva Fennica
vol.
44
no.
3
article id 138.
https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.138
Abstract |
View details
|
Full text in PDF |
Author Info
Wind and snow-induced damage have been analyzed at stand level for three pine forests in the Central-Eastern Pyrenees (Pinus nigra Arn. salzmanii, Pinus sylvestris L. and Pinus uncinata Ram.). Stand-level models have been then developed for the most affected two species, Pinus sylvestris L. and Pinus uncinata Ram., to describe damage severity. The models were based on data from national forest inventory plots. They included variables related to the spatial location and structure of the stands, being validated using a sub-set of the database (25% of the plots randomly selected). Mountain pine forests (Pinus uncinata Ram.) were the most heavily affected by wind and snow disturbances. For both mountain and Scots pine species, topographic exposure and the severity of the local storm regime had an important effect on the degree of damage. Stand’s resistance to wind and snow was found to be dependent on the combined effect of basal area and mean slenderness of the dominant trees. For a given slenderness ratio, damage increased strongly in lower-density stands, particularly in stands with basal areas below 15 m2/ha. Stand structure was particularly important to define the resistance of Scots pine stands, which presented a higher vulnerability to wind and snow under higher degree of even-agedness. The models presented in this study provide empirically-based information that can be used to implement silvicultural practices to minimize the risk of those forests to suffer wind and snow-related damages.
-
Martín-Alcón,
Forest Technology Center of Catalonia, Solsona, Lleida, Spain
E-mail:
santiago.martin@ctfc.es
-
González-Olabarría,
Forest Technology Center of Catalonia, Solsona, Lleida, Spain
E-mail:
jrgo@nn.es
-
Coll,
Forest Technology Center of Catalonia, Solsona, Lleida, Spain
E-mail:
lc@nn.es
article id 351,
category
Research article
Jiaojun Zhu,
Xiufen Li,
Zugen Liu,
Wei Cao,
Yutaka Gonda,
Takeshi Matsuzaki.
(2006).
Factors affecting the snow and wind induced damage of a montane secondary forest in northeastern China.
Silva Fennica
vol.
40
no.
1
article id 351.
https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.351
Abstract |
View details
|
Full text in PDF |
Author Info
In order to understand the processes of snow and wind induced damage in a natural montane, secondary forest in northeastern China, we examined the impacts of site conditions on the snow and wind damage; analyzed if the dominant tree species differed in their susceptibilities to the damage; and established the relationships between the characteristics of tree and stand and the damage. The results indicated that in regard to the topography factors, slope steepness and soil depth played a relatively important role for the damage. Damage ratios of all types combined were positively related with the composition of dominant tree species. The stand density was also important in determining resistance to the damage, i.e., the densely populated stand exhibited less overall damage ratios; however, the dominant tree species were commonly damaged easily by the snow and wind. Four damage modes found (uprooting, stem breakage, canopy damage and bending) were closely related to the stem taper (p < 0.05), and they could be ranked in following order: bending (92.0 ) > uprooting (85.3) > stem breakage (80.1) > canopy damage (65.0). In regard to differences in tree species’ susceptibilities to the damage, Betula costata exhibited the most uprooting, bending and overall damage ratios; while Quercus mongolica showed the highest breakage (both stem breakage and canopy damage) ratio, and Fraxinus mandshurica exhibited the least damage ratio (overall). The major six tree species could also be divided into two groups according to the overall damage ratios, i.e., more susceptible ones (B. costata, Ulmus laciniata and Q. mongolica), and less susceptible ones (F. mandshurica, Acer mono and Juglans mandshurica) to the snow and wind damage.
-
Zhu,
Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenhua Road 72, Shenyang 110016, China
E-mail:
zrms29@yahoo.com
-
Li,
Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenhua Road 72, Shenyang 110016, China; Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19-A, Beijing, 100039, China
E-mail:
xfl@nn.cn
-
Liu,
Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenhua Road 72, Shenyang 110016, China; Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19-A, Beijing, 100039, China
E-mail:
zgl@nn.cn
-
Cao,
Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenhua Road 72, Shenyang 110016, China
E-mail:
wc@nn.cn
-
Gonda,
Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, Ikarashi 2-8050, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
E-mail:
yg@nn.jp
-
Matsuzaki,
Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, Ikarashi 2-8050, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
E-mail:
tm@nn.jp