Articles containing the keyword 'swarming'
Category : Article
Flight periods of insects breeding on birch (Betula sp.) timber were observed by means of window flight traps baited with freshly cut birch logs in five locations in Finland from 1972 to 1976. Only few species were caught during the study. In general, these species were on the wing during midsummer, although flight periods of some of them were relatively long. Scolytus ratzeburgi Jans. caused harmful staining of wood within a month from attack, but the damage by the wood-boring pests remained negligible throughout the first storage summer.
The PDF includes a summary in Finnish.
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Löyttyniemi,
E-mail:
kl@mm.unknown
Category : Article
Blastophagus piniperda L. (now Tomicus piniperda) life cycle, especially temperature effects at various stages, has been studied in laboratory, outdoor development experiments and in natural conditions in the field in Finland, 1961–1970.
It was established that when a tree with overwintering beetles in its base is felled during the winter, the overwintered insects can establish an egg gallery into the stump without leaving for swarming flight. The egg gallery can be established in this case already about a month before swarming starts. Swarming starts after temperature in the shade exceeds 10° C. It is at its maximum at a temperature over 12° C and in conditions of no wind. The swarming starts in Southern Finland generally in the latter half of April, and in Lapland two to four weeks later than in Southern Finland, and it lasts from a few days to a few weeks. As the temperature rises, the rate of egg gallery construction and the rate of egg laying increase. The characteristics of the galleries and pupal stage are described in detail.
In Finnish conditions, B. Piniperda does not have a diapause. Movement into overwintering sites starts after the minimum daily temperature goes below 0° C. About 10% of the insects found in the overwintering sites in spring were estimated to have died during the winter. With increasing density, the number of new beetles which developed from each egg gallery decreased.
The PDF includes a summary in Finnish.
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Salonen,
E-mail:
ks@mm.unknown
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