Category :
Research article
article id 22017,
category
Research article
Highlights:
In moderate nutrient-rich forest site type (Myrtillosa turf. mel.), a significant subsidence of peat layer after drainage is associated with compaction rather than decomposition of peat; In nutrient-rich forest site type (Oxalidosa turf. mel.), a contribution of soil C stock losses to subsidence of the peat layer is significant; In moderate nutrient-rich forest site type (Myrtillosa turf. mel.), type of dominant tree species has higher impact on changes in soil C stock after drainage than in nutrient-rich forest site type (Oxalidosa turf. mel.); Distribution of different forest site types involving soil nutrient status has to be taken into account when CO2 emissions from drained organic soil in forest land are estimated at national level.
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Impact of drainage of organic soils in forest land on soil carbon (C) stock changes is of high interest not only to accurately estimate soil C stock changes, but also to provide scientifically based recommendations for forest land management in context of climate change mitigation. To improve knowledge about long-term impact of drainage on nutrient-rich organic soils in hemiboreal forests in Latvia, 50 research sites representing drained conditions (Oxalidosa turf. mel. (Kp) and Myrtillosa turf. mel. (Ks) forest site types) and undrained conditions as control areas (Caricoso-phragmitosa, Dryopterioso-caricosa and Filipendulosa forest site types) were selected. Soil C stock changes after drainage was evaluated by comparing current C stock in drained organic soils to theoretical C stock before drainage considering impact of soil subsidence. During the 53-years period after drainage, the peat subsidence was higher in nutrient-rich Kp forest site type compared to moderate nutrient-rich Ks forest site type (peat subsided by 37.0 ± 4.8 and 23.3 ± 4.8 cm, respectively). In nutrient-rich Kp forest site type, soil C stock decreased by 4.98 ± 1.58 Mg C ha-1 yr-1 after drainage, while no statistically significant changes in soil C stock (0.19 ± 1.31 Mg C ha-1 yr-1) were observed in moderate nutrient-rich soils in Ks forest site type. Thus, in Ks forest site type, the main driver of the peat subsidence was the physical compaction, while in Kp forest site type contribution of organic matter decomposition and consequent soil C losses to subsidence of the peat was significant.
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Lazdiņš,
Latvian State Forest Research Institute ‘Silava’ (LSFRI Silava), Rigas str. 111, Salaspils, LV-2169, Latvia
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7169-2011
E-mail:
andis.lazdins@silava.lv
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Lupiķis,
Latvian State Forest Research Institute ‘Silava’ (LSFRI Silava), Rigas str. 111, Salaspils, LV-2169, Latvia
E-mail:
ainars.lupikis@inbox.lv
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Polmanis,
Latvian State Forest Research Institute ‘Silava’ (LSFRI Silava), Rigas str. 111, Salaspils, LV-2169, Latvia
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2579-353X
E-mail:
kaspars.polmanis@silava.lv
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Bārdule,
Latvian State Forest Research Institute ‘Silava’ (LSFRI Silava), Rigas str. 111, Salaspils, LV-2169, Latvia
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0961-5119
E-mail:
arta.bardule@silava.lv
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Butlers,
Latvian State Forest Research Institute ‘Silava’ (LSFRI Silava), Rigas str. 111, Salaspils, LV-2169, Latvia
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3118-1716
E-mail:
aldis.butlers@silava.lv
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Kalēja,
Latvian State Forest Research Institute ‘Silava’ (LSFRI Silava), Rigas str. 111, Salaspils, LV-2169, Latvia
E-mail:
santa.kaleja@silava.lv
article id 23040,
category
Research article
Jānis Liepiņš,
Ieva Jaunslaviete,
Kaspars Liepiņš,
Līga Jansone,
Roberts Matisons,
Andis Lazdiņš,
Āris Jansons.
(2023).
Effect of stem rot on wood basic density, carbon, and nitrogen content of living deciduous trees in hemiboreal forests.
Silva Fennica
vol.
57
no.
3
article id 23040.
https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.23040
Highlights:
Stem rot significantly reduces the basic density of wood and increases its nitrogen content in living deciduous trees, while the carbon content appears irresponsive; The effect of the distance from the pith on the basic density and nitrogen content of wood varies, depending on presence of discoloration or decomposition in the wood.
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While numerous studies have focused on analyzing various aspects of the carbon (C) budget in forests, there appears to be a lack of comprehensive assessments specifically addressing the impact of stem rot on the C budget of broadleaf tree species, especially in old-growth forests where stem rot is prevalent. One of the main challenges in accurately quantifying C losses caused by stem rot is the lack of precise data on the basic density and C content of decayed wood, which are crucial for converting decayed wood volume into biomass and C stocks. Using linear mixed-effects models, we examine the variability of wood basic density, C content, and nitrogen (N) content. Discolored and decomposed wood was collected from the stems of 136 living deciduous trees common in hemiboreal forests in Latvia. Our research indicates a noticeable reduction in the wood basic density, coupled with an increase in the N content within the stem wood throughout the decomposition process in birch (Betula spp.), European aspen (Populus tremula L.), grey alder (Alnus incana (L.) Moench), and common alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.). While aspen wood showed a decreasing trend in C content as decay progressed, a pairwise comparison test revealed no significant differences in C content between discolored and decomposed wood for the studied species, unlike the findings for basic density and N content. This study emphasizes the need to account for stem rot in old-growth forest carbon budgets, especially in broadleaf species, and calls for more research on stem rot-induced carbon losses.
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Liepiņš,
Latvian State Forest Research Institute “Silava,” Rigas Street 111, LV-2169 Salaspils, Latvia
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3030-1122
E-mail:
janis.liepins@silava.lv
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Jaunslaviete,
Latvian State Forest Research Institute “Silava,” Rigas Street 111, LV-2169 Salaspils, Latvia
https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7322-2729
E-mail:
ieva.jaunslaviete@silava.lv
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Liepiņš,
Latvian State Forest Research Institute “Silava,” Rigas Street 111, LV-2169 Salaspils, Latvia
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1179-8586
E-mail:
kaspars.liepins@silava.lv
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Jansone,
Latvian State Forest Research Institute “Silava,” Rigas Street 111, LV-2169 Salaspils, Latvia
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2748-3797
E-mail:
liga.jansone@silava.lv
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Matisons,
Latvian State Forest Research Institute “Silava,” Rigas Street 111, LV-2169 Salaspils, Latvia
E-mail:
roberts.matisons@silava.lv
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Lazdiņš,
Latvian State Forest Research Institute “Silava,” Rigas Street 111, LV-2169 Salaspils, Latvia
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7169-2011
E-mail:
andis.lazdins@silava.lv
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Jansons,
Latvian State Forest Research Institute “Silava,” Rigas Street 111, LV-2169 Salaspils, Latvia
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7981-4346
E-mail:
aris.jansons@silava.lv
article id 10016,
category
Research article
Ivars Kļaviņš,
Arta Bārdule,
Zane Lībiete,
Dagnija Lazdiņa,
Andis Lazdiņš.
(2019).
Impact of biomass harvesting on nitrogen concentration in the soil solution in hemiboreal woody ecosystems.
Silva Fennica
vol.
53
no.
4
article id 10016.
https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.10016
Highlights:
Soil solution nitrogen concentrations in whole-tree harvesting sites are higher in sites of medium to high fertility than in sites of low fertility; In whole-tree harvesting and stem-only harvesting sites, soil solution nitrogen concentrations are highest 2 to 3 years after harvesting; The risks of nitrogen leaching immediately after harvesting are higher in traditional forestry systems compared to short-rotation cropping.
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Considering the increasing use of wood biomass for energy and the related intensification of forest management, the impacts of different intensities of biomass harvesting on nutrient leaching risks must be better understood. Different nitrogen forms in the soil solution were monitored for 3 to 6 years after harvesting in hemiboreal forests in Latvia to evaluate the impacts of different biomass harvesting regimes on local nitrogen leaching risks, which potentially increase eutrophication in surface waters. In forestland dominated by Scots pine Pinus sylvestris L. or Norway spruce Picea abies L. (Karst.), the soil solution was sampled in: (i) stem-only harvesting (SOH), (ii) whole‐tree harvesting, with only slash removed (WTH), and (iii) whole‐tree harvesting, with both slash and stumps harvested (WTH + SB), subplots. In agricultural land, sampling was performed in an initially fertilised hybrid aspen (Populus tremula L.× P. tremuloides Michx.) short-rotation coppice (SRC), where above-ground biomass was harvested. In forestland, soil solution N (nitrogen) concentrations were highest in the second and third year after harvesting. Mean annual values in WTH subplots of medium to high fertility sites exceeded the mean values in SOH subplots and control subplots (mature stand where no harvesting was performed) for the entire study period; the opposite trend was observed for the low-fertility site. Biomass harvesting in the hybrid aspen SRC only slightly affected NO3–-N (nitrate nitrogen) and NH4+-N (ammonium nitrogen) concentrations in the soil solution within 3 years after harvesting, but a significant decrease in the TN (total nitrogen) concentration in the soil solution was found in plots with additional N fertilisation performed once initially.
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Kļaviņš,
Latvian State Forest Research Institute “Silava”, 111 Rigas Str., LV 2169, Salaspils, Latvia; University of Latvia, Raiņa blvd 19-125, LV 1586, Riga, Latvia
E-mail:
ivars.klavins@silava.lv
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Bārdule,
Latvian State Forest Research Institute “Silava”, 111 Rigas Str., LV 2169, Salaspils, Latvia; University of Latvia, Raiņa blvd 19-125, LV 1586, Riga, Latvia
E-mail:
arta.bardule@silava.lv
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Lībiete,
Latvian State Forest Research Institute “Silava”, 111 Rigas Str., LV 2169, Salaspils, Latvia
E-mail:
zane.libiete@silava.lv
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Lazdiņa,
Latvian State Forest Research Institute “Silava”, 111 Rigas Str., LV 2169, Salaspils, Latvia
E-mail:
dagnija.lazdina@silava.lv
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Lazdiņš,
Latvian State Forest Research Institute “Silava”, 111 Rigas Str., LV 2169, Salaspils, Latvia
E-mail:
andis.lazdins@silava.lv
Category :
Research note
article id 9911,
category
Research note
Highlights:
In pre-commercial thinnings both Heterobasidion infection frequency and the extent of surface colonization correlated positively with stump diameter of both Norway spruce and Scots pine; Spruce stumps were significantly more often subjected to primary infections than pine stumps; The pathogen exhibited more extensive surface colonization of spruce stumps than of pine stumps.
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The aim was to investigate relative susceptibility of stumps of spruce and pine to airborne infections by Heterobasidion following pre-commercial thinnings. The proportions of infected stumps and colonized stump surface areas were analysed in 16 forest stands. In total, 746 spruce and 1063 pine stumps were sampled, and 184 and 105 infected stumps, respectively, were analysed. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that in the investigated area: i) both Heterobasidion infection frequency and the extent of surface colonization correlated positively with stump diameter of both spruce and pine; ii) spruce stumps were significantly more often subjected to primary infections than pine stumps; iii) the pathogen exhibited more extensive surface colonization of spruce stumps than of pine stumps.
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Gaitnieks,
Latvian State Forest Research Institute “Silava”, 111 Rigas str., Salaspils, LV-2169, Latvia
E-mail:
talis.gaitnieks@silava.lv
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Brauners,
JSC “Latvia’s State Forests”, 1 Vainodes str., Riga, LV-1004, Latvia
E-mail:
i.brauners@lvm.lv
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Kenigsvalde,
Latvian State Forest Research Institute “Silava”, 111 Rigas str., Salaspils, LV-2169, Latvia
E-mail:
kristine.kenigsvalde@silava.lv
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Zaļuma,
Latvian State Forest Research Institute “Silava”, 111 Rigas str., Salaspils, LV-2169, Latvia
E-mail:
astra.zaluma@silava.lv
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Brūna,
Latvian State Forest Research Institute “Silava”, 111 Rigas str., Salaspils, LV-2169, Latvia
E-mail:
lauma.bruna@silava.lv
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Jansons,
Latvian State Forest Research Institute “Silava”, 111 Rigas str., Salaspils, LV-2169, Latvia
E-mail:
jurgis.jansons@silava.lv
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Burņeviča,
Latvian State Forest Research Institute “Silava”, 111 Rigas str., Salaspils, LV-2169, Latvia
E-mail:
natalija.arhipova@silava.lv
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Lazdiņš,
Latvian State Forest Research Institute “Silava”, 111 Rigas str., Salaspils, LV-2169, Latvia
E-mail:
andis.lazdins@silava.lv
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Vasaitis,
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), P.O. Box 7026, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
E-mail:
Rimvys.Vasaitis@slu.se
article id 7798,
category
Research note
Highlights:
Stem bark is significantly denser than wood and does not follow the same variation patterns along the stem; The main trend in radial variation of wood density was the increase from pith to bark; There is a weak relationship between mean basic density and commonly measured stand and tree parameters.
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The objective of this study was to investigate basic density and its within-stem variation by studying 84 European aspen stems from 28 forest stands in Latvia. The studied forest stands covered all age classes from young stands to matured forests in representative growth conditions of European aspen. The densities of 2722 wood and 1022 bark specimens were measured from the sampled trees. Only the knot-free wood specimens without obvious wood defects were chosen for analyses. A map of basic density summarizing its radial and axial variations was constructed to show species-specific, within-stem variability and the relationships between density and tree and stand variables were examined. Stem wood and bark of the European aspen show different patterns of basic density variation along the tree stem. Wood density increases from pith to bark up to certain dimensions and shows a slight decrease afterwards. The weighted basic density of bark (446 ± 39.6 kg m–3) was higher than stem wood density (393 ± 30.4 kg m–3). Our results suggest that wood and bark density measurements obtained at breast height can be used for reliable estimation of the densities of whole-tree stem components, while tree parameters such as diameter at breast height (DBH), tree height and social status or stand parameters, including number of trees, basal area and age, are weak predictors in this context.
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Liepiņš,
Latvian State Forest Research Institute “Silava”, 111 Rigas Str., LV 2169, Salaspils, Latvia
E-mail:
janis.liepins@silava.lv
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Ivanovs,
Latvian State Forest Research Institute “Silava”, 111 Rigas Str., LV 2169, Salaspils, Latvia
E-mail:
janis.ivanovs@silava.lv
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Lazdiņš,
Latvian State Forest Research Institute “Silava”, 111 Rigas Str., LV 2169, Salaspils, Latvia
E-mail:
andis.lazdins@silava.lv
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Jansons,
Latvian State Forest Research Institute “Silava”, 111 Rigas Str., LV 2169, Salaspils, Latvia
E-mail:
jurgis.jansons@silava.lv
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Liepiņš,
Latvian State Forest Research Institute “Silava”, 111 Rigas Str., LV 2169, Salaspils, Latvia
E-mail:
kaspars.liepins@silava.lv