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Articles containing the keyword 'mobile laser scanning'

Category : Research article

article id 25013, category Research article
Binod Kafle, Ville Kankare, Harri Kaartinen, Kari Väätäinen, Heikki Hyyti, Tamas Faitli, Juha Hyyppä, Antero Kukko, Kalle Kärhä. (2025). Assessing the consistency of low vegetation characteristics estimated using harvester, handheld, and drone light detection and ranging (LiDAR) systems. Silva Fennica vol. 59 no. 2 article id 25013. https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.25013
Keywords: biodiversity; harvester; wood harvesting; dense area for games; drone laser scanning (DLS); handheld mobile laser scanning (HMLS); point cloud
Highlights: Harvester-mounted LiDAR consistently estimated low vegetation height and volume comparable to handheld and drone LiDAR; Enhancing LiDAR range could improve harvester LiDAR efficiency, reducing processing time and increasing accuracy beyond 20 m.
Abstract | Full text in HTML | Full text in PDF | Author Info

Evaluating the potential of a harvester-mounted LiDAR system in monitoring biodiversity indicators such as low vegetation during forest harvesting could enhance sustainable forest management and habitat conservation including dense forest areas for game. However, there is a lack of understanding on the capabilities and limitations of these systems to detect low vegetation characteristics. To address this knowledge gap, this study investigated the performance of a harvester-mounted LiDAR system for measuring low vegetation (height <5 m) attributes in a boreal forest in Finland, by comparing it with handheld mobile laser scanning (HMLS) and drone laser scanning (DLS) systems. LiDAR point cloud data was collected in September 2023 to quantify the low vegetation height (maximum, mean, and percentiles), volume (voxel-based and mean height-based) and cover (grid method). Depending on the system, LiDAR point cloud data was collected either before (HMLS and DLS), during (harvester LiDAR) or after (HMLS and DLS) harvesting operations. A total of 46 fixed-sized (5 m × 5 m) grid cells were studied and analyzed. Results showed harvester-mounted LiDAR provided consistent estimates with HMLS and DLS for maximum height, 99th height percentile, and volume across various grids (5 cm, 10 cm, 20 cm) and voxel (20 cm) sizes. High correlation was observed between the systems used for these attributes. This study demonstrated that harvester-mounted LiDAR is comparable to HMLS and DLS for assessing low vegetation height and volume. The findings could assist forest harvester operators in identifying potential low vegetation and dense areas for conservation and game management.

  • Kafle, School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland (UEF), Yliopistokatu 7, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0744-3480 E-mail: binod.kafle@uef.fi (email)
  • Kankare, Department of Geography and Geology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turun yliopisto, Finland ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6038-1579 E-mail: viveka@utu.fi
  • Kaartinen, Department of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, Finnish Geospatial Research Institute (FGI), Opastinsilta 12 C, FI-00520 Helsinki, Finland ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4796-3942 E-mail: harri.kaartinen@nls.fi
  • Väätäinen, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Yliopistokatu 6 B, FI-80100 Joensuu, Finland ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6886-0432 E-mail: kari.vaatainen@luke.fi
  • Hyyti, Department of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, Finnish Geospatial Research Institute (FGI), Opastinsilta 12 C, FI-00520 Helsinki, Finland ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4664-6221 E-mail: heikki.hyyti@nls.fi
  • Faitli, Department of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, Finnish Geospatial Research Institute (FGI), Opastinsilta 12 C, FI-00520 Helsinki, Finland ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5334-5537 E-mail: tamas.faitli@nls.fi
  • Hyyppä, Department of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, Finnish Geospatial Research Institute (FGI), Opastinsilta 12 C, FI-00520 Helsinki, Finland E-mail: juha.coelasr@gmail.com
  • Kukko, Department of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, Finnish Geospatial Research Institute (FGI), Opastinsilta 12 C, FI-00520 Helsinki, Finland ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3841-6533 E-mail: antero.kukko@nls.fi
  • Kärhä, School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland (UEF), Yliopistokatu 7, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland E-mail: kalle.karha@uef.fi
article id 10712, category Research article
Kenneth Olofsson, Johan Holmgren. (2022). Co-registration of single tree maps and data captured by a moving sensor using stem diameter weighted linking. Silva Fennica vol. 56 no. 3 article id 10712. https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.10712
Keywords: airborne laser scanning; terrestrial laser scanning; field plot; mobile laser scanning; simultaneous location and mapping; stem map
Highlights: A stem diameter weighted linking algorithm for tree maps was introduced which improves linking accuracy; A new simultaneous location and mapping-based co-registration method for stem maps measured with moving sensors was introduced that operates with high linking accuracy.
Abstract | Full text in HTML | Full text in PDF | Author Info

A new method for the co-registration of single tree data in forest stands and forest plots applicable to static as well as dynamic data capture is presented. This method consists of a stem diameter weighted linking algorithm that improves the linking accuracy when operating on diverse diameter stands with stem position errors in the single tree detectors. A co-registration quality metric threshold, QT, is also introduced which makes it possible to discriminate between correct and incorrect stem map co-registrations with high probability (>99%). These two features are combined to a simultaneous location and mapping-based co-registration method that operates with high linking accuracy and that can handle sensors with drifting errors and signal bias. A test with simulated data shows that the method has an 89.35% detection rate. The statistics of different settings in a simulation study are presented, where the effect of stem density and position errors were investigated. A test case with real sensor data from a forest stand shows that the average nearest neighbor distances decreased from 1.90 m to 0.51 m, which indicates the feasibility of this method.

  • Olofsson, Section of Forest Remote Sensing, Department of Forest Resource Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2836-2316 E-mail: kenneth.olofsson@slu.se (email)
  • Holmgren, Section of Forest Remote Sensing, Department of Forest Resource Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7112-8015 E-mail: johan.holmgren@slu.se

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